perf(render): prewarm pipeline variants with a Vulkan cache

adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/smoke.rs

@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
             device: Some(device),
             swapchain: Some(swapchain),
             command_pool,
+            pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache::null(),
             swapchain_resources: None,
             vertex_buffer: Some(vertex_buffer),
             index_buffer: Some(index_buffer),
@@ -429,8 +430,21 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
                 mesh_full_upload_bytes: 0,
                 initial_texture_image_count,
                 texture_detach_count: 0,
+                pipeline_creation_count: 0,
             },
         };
+        // SAFETY: This cache is owned by the renderer and only used from its
+        // exclusive methods; it outlives every pipeline creation and swapchain.
+        renderer.pipeline_cache = unsafe {
+            renderer
+                .device_ref()?
+                .device()
+                .create_pipeline_cache(&vk::PipelineCacheCreateInfo::default(), None)
+        }
+        .map_err(|result| VulkanSmokeRendererError::VulkanOperation {
+            context: "vkCreatePipelineCache",
+            result,
+        })?;
         renderer.rebuild_swapchain_resources(false)?;
         let device_ref = renderer.device_ref()?;
         let swapchain_ref = renderer.swapchain_ref()?;
@@ -465,6 +479,7 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
             mesh_full_upload_bytes: 0,
             initial_texture_image_count,
             texture_detach_count: 0,
+            pipeline_creation_count: renderer.report.pipeline_creation_count,
         };
         Ok(renderer)
     }
@@ -962,11 +977,7 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
             },
         )?;
         self.draw_range_base_pipeline_states[range_index] = next_base;
-        let pipeline_changed = range.pipeline_state != next_state;
         range.pipeline_state = next_state;
-        if pipeline_changed {
-            self.rebuild_pipeline_resources()?;
-        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1035,7 +1046,6 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
             },
         )?;
         let next_state = apply_world_transparency(base_state, transparent);
-        let pipeline_changed = range.pipeline_state != next_state;
         range.pipeline_state = next_state;
         // Calling this setter opts the range into the world queue.  Fixed
         // screen/sky/weather ranges remain `None` because their pass order is
@@ -1045,9 +1055,6 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
             Some(transparent),
             &mut self.draw_order_dirty,
         );
-        if pipeline_changed {
-            self.rebuild_pipeline_resources()?;
-        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1673,11 +1680,12 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
                 device,
                 swapchain,
                 self.command_pool,
+                self.pipeline_cache,
                 self.vertex_buffer_ref()?,
                 self.index_buffer_ref()?,
                 self.textures_ref()?,
                 &self.texture_slot_indices,
-                &self.draw_ranges,
+                &self.draw_range_base_pipeline_states,
                 self.depth_request,
                 reuse_command_pool,
             )?,
@@ -1696,32 +1704,14 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
         self.report.swapchain_image_count = swapchain_image_count;
         self.report.swapchain_image_format = self.swapchain_ref()?.report.plan.format.format;
         self.report.swapchain_image_usage = swapchain_image_usage;
+        self.report.pipeline_creation_count = self
+            .report
+            .pipeline_creation_count
+            .saturating_add(resources.pipelines.len() as u64);
         self.swapchain_resources = Some(resources);
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Rebuilds only the swapchain-owned pipeline bundle after a structural
-    /// range-state change.  Draw-range setters can be called while a renderer
-    /// is live, so all prior submissions are completed before handles are
-    /// destroyed and recreated.
-    fn rebuild_pipeline_resources(&mut self) -> Result<(), VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
-        if self.swapchain_resources.is_none() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-        let device = self.device_ref()?;
-        // SAFETY: The renderer owns every submission on this device.  Waiting
-        // here makes the old pipelines, framebuffers, and command buffers
-        // quiescent before their destruction.
-        unsafe { device.device().device_wait_idle() }.map_err(|result| {
-            VulkanSmokeRendererError::VulkanOperation {
-                context: "vkDeviceWaitIdle(draw range pipeline update)",
-                result,
-            }
-        })?;
-        self.destroy_swapchain_resources();
-        self.rebuild_swapchain_resources(true)
-    }
-
     /// Recomputes the stable command-recording order. Without explicit
     /// backgrounds, opaque world ranges followed by the sorted transparent
     /// world ranges replace the existing world slots. With explicit
@@ -2071,6 +2061,15 @@ impl VulkanSmokeRenderer {
     fn destroy_device_owned_resources(&mut self) {
         self.destroy_swapchain_resources();
         if let Some(device) = self.device.as_ref() {
+            if self.pipeline_cache != vk::PipelineCache::null() {
+                // SAFETY: All pipeline creation has finished on this device.
+                unsafe {
+                    device
+                        .device()
+                        .destroy_pipeline_cache(self.pipeline_cache, None)
+                };
+                self.pipeline_cache = vk::PipelineCache::null();
+            }
             for texture in self.textures.drain(..) {
                 destroy_allocated_image(device, &texture);
             }
@@ -2429,6 +2428,18 @@ fn draw_material_alphas(
     ]
 }
 
+pub(super) fn pipeline_variants(original: LegacyPipelineState) -> [LegacyPipelineState; 12] {
+    std::array::from_fn(|index| match index {
+        0 => original,
+        1 => apply_world_transparency(original, true),
+        _ => {
+            world_material_pipeline_states(original, ((index - 2) / 2) as u8, Some(index % 2 != 0))
+                .expect("categories 0..=4 are valid")
+                .1
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 fn world_material_pipeline_states(
     original: LegacyPipelineState,
     category: u8,
@@ -2597,7 +2608,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::{
         apply_geometry_range_updates, apply_world_transparency, completed_readback_buffer_index,
         deduplicate_texture_sources, draw_material_alphas, geometry_upload_range,
-        mark_draw_order_dirty_on_activity_change, set_and_mark_dirty_if_changed,
+        mark_draw_order_dirty_on_activity_change, pipeline_variants, set_and_mark_dirty_if_changed,
         sorted_world_draw_order, take_runtime_children_with_validation_snapshot,
         take_runtime_owners_in_dependency_order, validate_geometry_upload,
         world_material_pipeline_states, RollbackOnDrop,
@@ -2757,6 +2768,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ranges[1].index_count, 3);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn pipeline_variants_keep_authored_alpha_and_prepare_both_depth_policies() {
+        let original = LegacyPipelineState {
+            alpha_test: true,
+            depth: LegacyDepthMode::TestWrite,
+            cull: LegacyCullMode::FrontFace,
+            depth_bias: LegacyDepthBias::ProjectedDecal,
+            ..LegacyPipelineState::default()
+        };
+        let states = pipeline_variants(original);
+        let keys: std::collections::BTreeSet<_> = states
+            .iter()
+            .map(|state| fparkan_render::PipelineKey::from(*state))
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(keys.len(), 12);
+        assert_eq!(states[0], original);
+        assert_eq!(states[1], apply_world_transparency(original, true));
+        for state in states {
+            assert_eq!(state.cull, original.cull);
+            assert_eq!(state.depth_bias, original.depth_bias);
+        }
+        let disabled = pipeline_variants(LegacyPipelineState {
+            depth: LegacyDepthMode::Disabled,
+            ..original
+        });
+        assert!(disabled
+            .iter()
+            .all(|state| state.depth == LegacyDepthMode::Disabled));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn texture_deduplication_compares_pixels_extents_and_authored_mips() {
         use super::super::{VulkanStaticTexture, VulkanStaticTextureMip};

adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/smoke_types.rs

@@ -1343,6 +1343,8 @@ pub struct VulkanSmokeRendererReport {
     pub initial_texture_image_count: u64,
     /// Shared images detached for independent material-slot updates.
     pub texture_detach_count: u64,
+    /// Graphics pipelines created across swapchain lifetimes.
+    pub pipeline_creation_count: u64,
 }
 
 /// Measured validation counters from the live smoke loop.
@@ -1485,6 +1487,7 @@ pub struct VulkanSmokeRenderer {
     pub(super) device: Option<VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe>,
     pub(super) swapchain: Option<VulkanSwapchainProbe>,
     pub(super) command_pool: vk::CommandPool,
+    pub(super) pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache,
     pub(super) swapchain_resources: Option<VulkanSwapchainResources>,
     pub(super) vertex_buffer: Option<VulkanAllocatedBuffer>,
     pub(super) index_buffer: Option<VulkanAllocatedBuffer>,

adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/swapchain_resources.rs

@@ -174,11 +174,12 @@ pub(super) fn create_swapchain_resources(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
     swapchain: &VulkanSwapchainProbe,
     command_pool: vk::CommandPool,
+    pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache,
     vertex_buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
     index_buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
     textures: &[VulkanAllocatedImage],
     texture_slot_indices: &[usize],
-    draw_ranges: &[super::VulkanStaticDrawRange],
+    base_pipeline_states: &[LegacyPipelineState],
     depth_request: DepthStencilSupport,
     reuse_command_pool: bool,
 ) -> Result<VulkanSwapchainResources, VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
@@ -281,11 +282,12 @@ pub(super) fn create_swapchain_resources(
     ) = match create_swapchain_pipeline_bundle(
         instance,
         device,
+        pipeline_cache,
         swapchain.report.plan.format.format,
         swapchain.report.plan.extent,
         textures,
         texture_slot_indices,
-        draw_ranges,
+        base_pipeline_states,
         depth_request,
         partial
             .frame_uniform_buffer
@@ -449,11 +451,12 @@ fn create_swapchain_image_views(
 fn create_swapchain_pipeline_bundle(
     instance: &VulkanInstanceProbe,
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
+    pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache,
     format: i32,
     extent: (u32, u32),
     textures: &[VulkanAllocatedImage],
     texture_slot_indices: &[usize],
-    draw_ranges: &[super::VulkanStaticDrawRange],
+    base_pipeline_states: &[LegacyPipelineState],
     depth_request: DepthStencilSupport,
     frame_uniform_buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
     material_specular_buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
@@ -510,8 +513,14 @@ fn create_swapchain_pipeline_bundle(
             }
             destroy_depth_attachment(device, &depth_attachment);
         })?;
-    let pipelines =
+    let pipelines = create_graphics_pipeline_cache(
-        create_graphics_pipeline_cache(device, render_pass, pipeline_layout, extent, draw_ranges)
+        device,
+        pipeline_cache,
+        render_pass,
+        pipeline_layout,
+        extent,
+        base_pipeline_states,
+    )
     .inspect_err(|_| {
         // SAFETY: These objects were created above on this live logical device and are destroyed on setup failure.
         unsafe {
@@ -946,23 +955,29 @@ fn depth_bias_parameters(depth_bias: LegacyDepthBias) -> (bool, f32, f32) {
 
 fn create_graphics_pipeline_cache(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
+    pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache,
     render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
     pipeline_layout: vk::PipelineLayout,
     extent: (u32, u32),
-    draw_ranges: &[super::VulkanStaticDrawRange],
+    base_pipeline_states: &[LegacyPipelineState],
 ) -> Result<BTreeMap<PipelineKey, vk::Pipeline>, VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
     let mut pipelines = BTreeMap::new();
-    for range in draw_ranges {
+    for state in base_pipeline_states
-        let key = range.pipeline_key();
+        .iter()
+        .copied()
+        .flat_map(super::smoke::pipeline_variants)
+    {
+        let key = PipelineKey::from(state);
         if pipelines.contains_key(&key) {
             continue;
         }
         let pipeline = match create_graphics_pipeline(
             device,
+            pipeline_cache,
             render_pass,
             pipeline_layout,
             extent,
-            range.pipeline_state,
+            state,
         ) {
             Ok(pipeline) => pipeline,
             Err(error) => {
@@ -982,6 +997,7 @@ fn create_graphics_pipeline_cache(
 
 fn create_graphics_pipeline(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
+    pipeline_cache: vk::PipelineCache,
     render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
     pipeline_layout: vk::PipelineLayout,
     extent: (u32, u32),
@@ -1142,7 +1158,7 @@ fn create_graphics_pipeline(
     let pipeline_result = unsafe {
         device
             .device()
-            .create_graphics_pipelines(vk::PipelineCache::null(), &create_infos, None)
+            .create_graphics_pipelines(pipeline_cache, &create_infos, None)
     };
     // SAFETY: The shader modules were created above on this live logical device and are no longer needed after pipeline creation.
     unsafe {

apps/fparkan-game/src/main.rs

@@ -10623,6 +10623,10 @@ impl StaticVulkanApp {
             report.renderer_report.initial_texture_image_count,
             report.renderer_report.texture_detach_count,
         );
+        eprintln!(
+            "render_pipeline_cache pipelines_created={}",
+            report.renderer_report.pipeline_creation_count
+        );
         self.output = Some(format!(
             "rendered mission {}: {} frames, {} objects, {} mesh components, {} terrain components, camera={}, captured_viewport_crop={}, control_clock_ms={}, control_clock_mode={}, materials={}, environment_primitives={}, shadow_casters={}, shadow_indices={}, swapchain_recreates={}, validation={}, swapchain_format={}, readback_format={}, readback={}, readback_sequence={}, startup_ms={{mission_assets:{:.1},terrain_materials:{:.1},sky:{:.1},gpu_initialization:{:.1}}}",
             self.mission,

docs/tomes/05-render.md

@@ -1144,6 +1144,16 @@ lightmap state передаются в `VulkanStaticMaterial`, а shader пос
 получается ключ Vulkan pipeline. Alpha reference передаётся отдельно через
 push constant; он не требует нового pipeline.
 
+Набор pipelines создаётся до первого draw. Для каждого исходного состояния
+готовятся его авторский вариант, прозрачный вариант с сохранённым alpha-test
+и пять категорий MAT0 с обеими политиками глубины. Cull и decal bias остаются
+исходными; одинаковые ключи объединяются. Смена категории материала или
+прозрачности диапазона выбирает готовый ключ, сохраняя descriptors, buffers и
+framebuffers. Vulkan `VkPipelineCache` принадлежит renderer, используется всеми
+созданиями pipelines и переживает пересоздание swapchain. На диск он пока не
+сохраняется. Счётчик `render_pipeline_cache` показывает число созданных
+pipelines, включая новые наборы после resize.
+
 Рабочий путь `fparkan-game` загружает terrain и все выбранные mission roots
 (по умолчанию весь список объектов), разрешая локальные material slots через
 WEAR и MAT0 до объединения геометрии. Индексы GPU имеют тип `u32`: вся карта
@@ -1171,8 +1181,8 @@ FX и окружение обновляют следующие вершины,
 
 Перед записью общих ресурсов renderer ждёт fences всех отправленных кадров.
 Одного fence текущего кадрового слота недостаточно: другой кадр ещё может
-читать ту же память. Ожидание всего устройства пока остаётся на пересоздании
+читать ту же память. Ожидание всего устройства остаётся на пересоздании
-swapchain и набора pipelines, диагностическом readback и завершении работы. Загрузка изменённых
+swapchain, диагностическом readback и завершении работы. Загрузка изменённых
 текстур пока использует отдельную синхронную transfer-команду. Строка
 `render_geometry_upload` показывает записанные vertex/index bytes и объём,
 который потребовался бы при полной перезаливке, без начальной загрузки.