Render frame

Кадр является последней стадией цикла, а не самостоятельной функцией renderer-а. До draw calls уже накоплен input, рассчитан tick, применены отложенные операции, выбрана камера и обновлён 3D sound listener.

Frame skeleton

system messages and input
  -> simulation calculation
  -> deferred object operations
  -> animation and transforms
  -> camera and sound listener
  -> visibility and render queues
  -> materials and draw passes
  -> renderer completion
  -> end-of-render callbacks and UI

В World3D::stdRenderGame доказан крупный порядок: camera передаётся Terrain, настраиваются viewport/matrices, вызываются renderer boundary slots, устанавливается in_render, выполняется traversal мира, закрывается world/shade pass, вызывается renderer completion, снимается in_render, рассылается end-of-render.

Draw item

Подготовленный draw item содержит:

node world matrix;
batch flags and index range;
WEAR material handle;
MAT0 active phase and coefficients;
texture handle;
optional lightmap handle;
render phase and sorting key;
legacy pipeline state.

Подготовленный item должен ссылаться на immutable данные кадра. Изменение phase или texture cache посреди прохода не должно менять уже собранную очередь.

MAT0 state and transparent backgrounds

For mission world ranges, the selected MAT0 material supplies its native pipeline category. The category sets blend and alpha-test state while preserving the range's depth and cull state; an animated material selector updates the category with the selector. Queue membership is independent: sampled opacity below one or native batch flags 0x108 mark a world range transparent, and a queued range with depth enabled tests depth without writing it. Fixed environment ranges keep their explicit states.

The fixed-camera preview explicitly marks nebula/stars, dome and cloud ranges as transparent backgrounds. Opaque world ranges stay in their world slots; the transparent world queue is sorted back-to-front and inserted immediately after the last marked background. Other fixed ranges retain their relative order. Thus cloud layers can be drawn before transparent foliage, while later sun, weather and other foreground ranges keep their existing relative order. This is a narrow queue rule, not a reordering of every sky or effects pass.

Regression evidence

cargo test -p fparkan-render-vulkan --lib material_category_and_transparency_preserve_world_state_in_either_order --offline checks that category 1 remains source-alpha with alpha testing, retains depth and cull settings in either update order, and rejects unsupported categories. cargo test -p fparkan-render-vulkan --lib tree_canopy_queue_follows_sky_and_precedes_foreground_effects --offline checks the explicit queue order: screen gradient, opaque terrain/building, shadow, nebula/dome/clouds, far-to-near transparent canopy, then sun/weather.

Viewer-only paired readbacks used --frames 3 --validation --legacy-camera-capture with the pre-fix and patched builds. On AutoDemo TMA object 4 (wor_l_n1.dat, fr_l_plant), the 1280x720 camera at eye [464.319, 904.719, 38.0], aimed at [374.319, 814.719, 12.0] with FOV 0.62, changed the two black facade panels to tinted, textured portal surfaces. On Mission.01 object 12 (s_tree_04), the 1280x1024 camera at eye [492.63855, 312.90244, 46.5] aimed at [492.63855, 442.90244, 55.0] crosses the canopy against open sky; paired three-frame captures at the same synthetic atmosphere phase (600 seconds) show the patched build restoring the missing upper/right fronds along that sky boundary. Both runs reported clean Vulkan validation. These captures verify our preview behavior and do not prove the native renderer's pass order, portal transmittance or exact color.

GOG camera dispatch evidence

For the GOG World3D.dll baseline with SHA-256 17e4a3089b2583a8cf2356c9db0390b1aba138356a09130d79b4e7e4791da61e, the exported stdRenderGame is RVA 0x13BD0. It first calls Terrain::stdSetCurrentCamera2(camera), stores the camera pointer only for the frame, and clears it before return. sendEndOfRender is a separate export at RVA 0x13D90. This is frame-order evidence only: the camera ABI, matrices and viewport values are not recovered by this call-order analysis. The implemented preview path below accepts selector-0 input produced through the native frame capture workflow. The capture workflow also records an observed mission path and, when its thread/generation and clock checks succeed, an atmosphere_seconds sample. For a fixed-camera preview, the renderer uses that optional absolute schedule phase when no --atmosphere-seconds override is supplied and keeps schedule sampling at that exact phase across readback frames. An explicit CLI value takes precedence. The phase sample is not full simulation time: weather, RNG, and other mission state remain unknown, so this evidence does not establish full-frame parity.

Receiver-side GOG Terrain evidence refines this contract. stdSetCurrentCamera2 (RVA 0x4FD40 in Terrain SHA-256 af87d1b2e728a0be73c52be3b44cc196ab46da7799f25a15d40f8c9b0b425ead) queries selector 18 on the supplied object and invokes slot +12 on that result. It does not store the supplied pointer in stdGetCurrentCamera2; that getter returns a Terrain global populated by selector 8 during Terrain initialization.

Terrain.dll!LoadCamera adds a separate factory-side contract. Its GOG entry at RVA 0x4EBE0 is __stdcall with four machine-word arguments, allocates 0x1A4 bytes, calls the constructor at RVA 0x4EC60, and returns the interface at object offset +0x134. The constructor passes arguments 3 and 4 into base initialization at this + 4, writes argument 3 to this + 0x138, and calls a helper at RVA 0x4CEF0 with arguments 1, 2 and 4 plus this. Argument 1 is a mode string: only REFLECTION and REFLECTION_SHIFTED produce a non-zero mode value at this + 0x1A0. This is factory ABI evidence, not a recovered view or projection matrix contract.

Legacy camera preview path

fparkan-game --legacy-camera-capture <json> consumes the selector-0 transform, the native D3D7 viewport RECT [left, top, right, bottom], near/far planes and field of view. It derives the D3D7 view and clip transform from those inputs, carries the resulting clip_from_world matrix into the preview camera, and keeps the view-matrix camera axes directly, so the captured basis, including roll, is not reduced to yaw/pitch. The RECT becomes a physical drawable extent of right - left by bottom - top. The preview window is fixed to that extent; startup and non-zero resize events reject a physical-size mismatch instead of stretching the captured view. Compare the result with the corresponding [left, top, right, bottom] crop of the original PNG. FreeFlightCamera is not created in this mode, but redraws still update environment and projected shadows from the captured camera. Before environment updates can emit sound events, the audio listener receives the captured position, forward and up axes; initial world draw sorting uses the same captured position. A phase capture may include an observed mission path and a verified atmosphere_seconds value; the latter is used only when no explicit CLI override is supplied. This value pins the atmosphere schedule sample during a fixed-camera comparison while FX still receives real frame time. simulation_time_seconds, weather, RNG and complete mission state remain unknown, and a camera/phase match alone does not establish visual parity with a native frame.

The preview's sky heading is atan2(forward.x, forward.y), matching the second output calculated at Terrain.dll RVA 0x4F9C0; CSky adds π at RVA 0x481C5 when selecting screen-gradient sectors. This mapping is applied only at the sky boundary and does not change FreeFlightCamera yaw or movement controls. Matched same-camera, same-phase three-frame captures at phases 56.227 and 998.893 showed zero changed pixels before and after this correction; the remaining sky and color mismatch is unresolved, so this source-level match does not establish visual parity.

Parity risks

VulkanStaticCamera::from_legacy_d3d7 keeps the D3D7 view and projection reconstruction in fparkan-render, then negates the vertical projection term once at the Vulkan adapter boundary. D3D7's top-down viewport places positive NDC Y at the top; the Vulkan swapchain uses a positive viewport height, so the adapter flips NDC Y while the shader preserves gl_Position. The generic from_row_major_view_projection path remains unchanged; its callers supply Vulkan-ready matrices, as the free-flight camera already does.

x87 precision and rounding;
scalar/SIMD g_FastProc differences;
object, batch and transparent primitive order;
depth, cull, alpha test and blend transitions;
mip-skip, palette and Page coordinates;
material fallback and phase selection;
RNG sequence for FX and atmosphere;
device capability fallback;
simulation time quantization.

Для отладки нужен deterministic frame capture: camera state, visible object IDs, draw-item list, pipeline keys, matrices и hashes промежуточных buffers.

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