implement NRES packing

Implemented SUB r32, r/m32 instruction handlers and tests

Added comprehensive tests for Push/Pop, Xchg, Sub instructions and enhanced segment override tests

.windsurfrules

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+when creating or edditing code, adjust namespace declaration style to oneliner, e.g. "namespace MyNamespace;".
+
+always separate usings, namespaces, type declarations, methods and properties with empty line.
+
+always add comments to the code, when the code is not trivial.
+
+always put classes into separate files.
+
+always try to build the project you've edited.
+
+always summarize the changes you've made.
+
+always add changes to git with descriptive comment, but be concise.
+
+never use terminal commands to edit code. In case of a failure, write it to user and stop execution.
+
+never address compiler warnings yourself. If you see a warning, suggest to address it.
+
+when working with RVA variables, always add that to variable name, e.g. "nameRVA".
+
+always build only affected project, not full solution.
+
+never introduce special cases in general solutions.

LandscapeExplorer/LandscapeExplorer.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\NResLib\NResLib.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>

LandscapeExplorer/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using NResLib;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace LandscapeExplorer;
+
+public static class Program
+{
+    private const string MapsDirectory = @"C:\Program Files (x86)\Nikita\Iron Strategy\DATA\MAPS\SC_3";
+
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Console.OutputEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
+        Console.WriteLine("Parkan 1 Landscape Explorer\n");
+
+        // Get all .map and .msh files in the directory
+        var mapFiles = Directory.GetFiles(MapsDirectory, "*.map");
+        var mshFiles = Directory.GetFiles(MapsDirectory, "*.msh");
+
+        Console.WriteLine($"Found {mapFiles.Length} .map files and {mshFiles.Length} .msh files in {MapsDirectory}\n");
+
+        // Process .map files
+        Console.WriteLine("=== MAP Files Analysis ===\n");
+        foreach (var mapFile in mapFiles)
+        {
+            AnalyzeNResFile(mapFile);
+        }
+
+        // Process .msh files
+        Console.WriteLine("\n=== MSH Files Analysis ===\n");
+        foreach (var mshFile in mshFiles)
+        {
+            AnalyzeNResFile(mshFile);
+
+            // Perform detailed landscape analysis on MSH files
+            AnalyzeLandscapeMeshFile(mshFile);
+        }
+
+        Console.WriteLine("\nAnalysis complete.");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Analyzes an NRes file and displays its structure
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="filePath">Path to the NRes file</param>
+    private static void AnalyzeNResFile(string filePath)
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine($"Analyzing file: {Path.GetFileName(filePath)}");
+
+        var parseResult = NResParser.ReadFile(filePath);
+
+        if (parseResult.Error != null)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"  Error: {parseResult.Error}");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var archive = parseResult.Archive!;
+
+        Console.WriteLine($"  Header: {archive.Header.NRes}, Version: {archive.Header.Version:X}, Files: {archive.Header.FileCount}, Size: {archive.Header.TotalFileLengthBytes} bytes");
+
+        // Group files by type for better analysis
+        var filesByType = archive.Files.GroupBy(f => f.FileType);
+
+        foreach (var group in filesByType)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"  File Type: {group.Key}, Count: {group.Count()}");
+
+            // Display details of the first file of each type as an example
+            var example = group.First();
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Example: {example.FileName}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"      Elements: {example.ElementCount}, Element Size: {example.ElementSize} bytes");
+            Console.WriteLine($"      File Length: {example.FileLength} bytes, Offset: {example.OffsetInFile}");
+
+            // If this is a landscape-related file, provide more detailed analysis
+            if (IsLandscapeRelatedType(group.Key))
+            {
+                AnalyzeLandscapeData(example, filePath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Console.WriteLine();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines if a file type is related to landscape data
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsLandscapeRelatedType(string fileType)
+    {
+        // Based on the Landscape constructor analysis, these types might be related to landscape
+        return fileType == "LAND" || fileType == "TERR" || fileType == "MSH0" ||
+               fileType == "MESH" || fileType == "MATR" || fileType == "TEXT";
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Analyzes landscape-specific data in a file
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void AnalyzeLandscapeData(ListMetadataItem item, string filePath)
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine($"      [Landscape Data Analysis]:");
+
+        // Read the file data for this specific item
+        using var fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open);
+        fs.Seek(item.OffsetInFile, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+        var buffer = new byte[Math.Min(item.FileLength, 256)]; // Read at most 256 bytes for analysis
+        fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+
+        // Display some basic statistics based on the file type
+        if (item.FileType == "LAND" || item.FileType == "TERR")
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"      Terrain data with {item.ElementCount} elements");
+            // If element size is known, we can calculate grid dimensions
+            if (item.ElementCount > 0 && item.ElementSize > 0)
+            {
+                // Assuming square terrain, which is common in games from this era
+                var gridSize = Math.Sqrt(item.ElementCount);
+                if (Math.Abs(gridSize - Math.Round(gridSize)) < 0.001) // If it's close to a whole number
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine($"      Terrain grid size: {Math.Round(gridSize)} x {Math.Round(gridSize)}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (item.FileType == "MSH0" || item.FileType == "MESH")
+        {
+            // For mesh data, try to estimate vertex/face counts
+            Console.WriteLine($"      Mesh data, possibly with vertices and faces");
+
+            // Common sizes: vertices are often 12 bytes (3 floats), faces are often 12 bytes (3 indices)
+            if (item.ElementSize == 12)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"      Possibly {item.ElementCount} vertices or faces");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Display first few bytes as hex for debugging
+        var hexPreview = BitConverter.ToString(
+                buffer.Take(32)
+                    .ToArray()
+            )
+            .Replace("-", " ");
+        Console.WriteLine($"      Data preview (hex): {hexPreview}...");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs a detailed analysis of a landscape mesh file
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="filePath">Path to the MSH file</param>
+    private static void AnalyzeLandscapeMeshFile(string filePath)
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine($"\nDetailed Landscape Analysis for: {Path.GetFileName(filePath)}\n");
+
+        var parseResult = NResParser.ReadFile(filePath);
+        if (parseResult.Error != null || parseResult.Archive == null)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"  Error analyzing file: {parseResult.Error}");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var archive = parseResult.Archive;
+
+        // Based on the Landscape constructor and the file analysis, we can identify specific sections
+        // File types in MSH files appear to be numeric values (01, 02, 03, etc.)
+
+        // First, let's extract all the different data sections
+        var sections = new Dictionary<string, (ListMetadataItem Meta, byte[] Data)>();
+
+        foreach (var item in archive.Files)
+        {
+            using var fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open);
+            fs.Seek(item.OffsetInFile, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+            var buffer = new byte[item.FileLength];
+            fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+
+            sections[item.FileType] = (item, buffer);
+        }
+
+        // Now analyze each section based on what we know from the Landscape constructor
+        Console.WriteLine("  Landscape Structure Analysis:");
+
+        // Type 01 appears to be basic landscape information (possibly header/metadata)
+        if (sections.TryGetValue("01 00 00 00", out var section01))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"  Section 01: Basic Landscape Info");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Elements: {section01.Meta.ElementCount}, Element Size: {section01.Meta.ElementSize} bytes");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Total Size: {section01.Meta.FileLength} bytes");
+
+            // Try to extract some basic info if the format is as expected
+            if (section01.Meta.ElementSize == 38 && section01.Data.Length >= 38)
+            {
+                // This is speculative based on common terrain formats
+                var width = BitConverter.ToInt32(section01.Data, 0);
+                var height = BitConverter.ToInt32(section01.Data, 4);
+                Console.WriteLine($"    Possible Dimensions: {width} x {height}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Type 03 appears to be vertex data (based on element size of 12 bytes which is typical for 3D vertices)
+        if (sections.TryGetValue("03 00 00 00", out var section03))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"\n  Section 03: Vertex Data");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Vertex Count: {section03.Meta.ElementCount}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Vertex Size: {section03.Meta.ElementSize} bytes");
+
+            // If we have vertex data in expected format (3 floats per vertex)
+            if (section03.Meta.ElementSize == 12 && section03.Data.Length >= 36)
+            {
+                // Display first 3 vertices as example
+                Console.WriteLine("    Sample Vertices:");
+                for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(3, section03.Meta.ElementCount); i++)
+                {
+                    var offset = i * 12;
+                    var x = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset);
+                    var y = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset + 4);
+                    var z = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset + 8);
+                    Console.WriteLine($"      Vertex {i}: ({x}, {y}, {z})");
+                }
+
+                // Calculate terrain bounds
+                var minX = float.MaxValue;
+                var minY = float.MaxValue;
+                var minZ = float.MaxValue;
+                var maxX = float.MinValue;
+                var maxY = float.MinValue;
+                var maxZ = float.MinValue;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < section03.Meta.ElementCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var offset = i * 12;
+                    if (offset + 12 <= section03.Data.Length)
+                    {
+                        var x = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset);
+                        var y = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset + 4);
+                        var z = BitConverter.ToSingle(section03.Data, offset + 8);
+
+                        minX = Math.Min(minX, x);
+                        minY = Math.Min(minY, y);
+                        minZ = Math.Min(minZ, z);
+                        maxX = Math.Max(maxX, x);
+                        maxY = Math.Max(maxY, y);
+                        maxZ = Math.Max(maxZ, z);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Console.WriteLine("    Terrain Bounds:");
+                Console.WriteLine($"      Min: ({minX}, {minY}, {minZ})");
+                Console.WriteLine($"      Max: ({maxX}, {maxY}, {maxZ})");
+                Console.WriteLine($"      Dimensions: {maxX - minX} x {maxY - minY} x {maxZ - minZ}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Type 02 might be face/index data for the mesh
+        if (sections.TryGetValue("02 00 00 00", out var section02))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"\n  Section 02: Possible Face/Index Data");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Elements: {section02.Meta.ElementCount}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Element Size: {section02.Meta.ElementSize} bytes");
+
+            // If element size is divisible by 4 (common for index data)
+            if (section02.Meta.ElementSize % 4 == 0 && section02.Data.Length >= 12)
+            {
+                // Display first triangle as example (assuming 3 indices per triangle)
+                Console.WriteLine("    Sample Indices (if this is index data):");
+                var indicesPerElement = section02.Meta.ElementSize / 4;
+                for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(1, section02.Meta.ElementCount); i++)
+                {
+                    Console.Write($"      Element {i}: ");
+                    for (int j = 0; j < indicesPerElement; j++)
+                    {
+                        var offset = i * section02.Meta.ElementSize + j * 4;
+                        if (offset + 4 <= section02.Data.Length)
+                        {
+                            var index = BitConverter.ToInt32(section02.Data, offset);
+                            Console.Write($"{index} ");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Console.WriteLine();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Types 04, 05, 12, 0E, 0B might be texture coordinates, normals, colors, etc.
+        var otherSections = new[] {"04 00 00 00", "05 00 00 00", "12 00 00 00", "0E 00 00 00", "0B 00 00 00"};
+        foreach (var sectionType in otherSections)
+        {
+            if (sections.TryGetValue(sectionType, out var section))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"\n  Section {sectionType.Substring(0, 2)}: Additional Mesh Data");
+                Console.WriteLine($"    Elements: {section.Meta.ElementCount}");
+                Console.WriteLine($"    Element Size: {section.Meta.ElementSize} bytes");
+
+                // If element size is 4 bytes, it could be color data, texture indices, etc.
+                if (section.Meta.ElementSize == 4 && section.Data.Length >= 12)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("    Sample Data (as integers):");
+                    for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(3, section.Meta.ElementCount); i++)
+                    {
+                        var offset = i * 4;
+                        var value = BitConverter.ToInt32(section.Data, offset);
+                        Console.WriteLine($"      Element {i}: {value}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Type 15 might be material or special data (Msh_15 in the decompiled code)
+        if (sections.TryGetValue("15 00 00 00", out var section15) && sections.TryGetValue("03 00 00 00", out var vertexSection))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"\n  Section 15: Special Data (Msh_15 type in decompiled code)");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Elements: {section15.Meta.ElementCount}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"    Element Size: {section15.Meta.ElementSize} bytes");
+
+            int count = 0;
+            for (var i = 0; i < section15.Data.Length; i += 28)
+            {
+                var first = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(section15.Data.AsSpan(i));
+
+                if ((first & 0x20000) != 0)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine($"Found {first}/0x{first:X8} 0x20000 at index {i / 28}. &0x20000={first&0x20000}/0x{first&0x20000:X8} offset: {i:X8}");
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Console.WriteLine($"Total found: {count}");
+
+        }
+    }
+}

MeshUnpacker/MeshUnpacker.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

MissionDataUnpacker/MissionDataUnpacker.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

MissionTmaLib/MissionTmaLib.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

NResLib/NResLib.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

NResLib/NResPacker.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace NResLib;
+
+public class NResPacker
+{
+    public static string Pack(NResArchive archive, string srcNresPath, string contentDirectoryPath, string targetFileDirectoryPath)
+    {
+        var diskFiles = Directory.GetFiles(contentDirectoryPath)
+            .Select(Path.GetFileName)
+            .ToList();
+
+        var fileOffset = 16; // 16 по умолчанию, т.к. есть заголовок в 16 байт.
+
+        var metadataItems = new List<ListMetadataItem>();
+
+        foreach (var archiveFile in archive.Files)
+        {
+            var extension = Path.GetExtension(archiveFile.FileName);
+            var fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(archiveFile.FileName);
+
+            if (extension == "")
+            {
+                extension = ".bin";
+            }
+            
+            var targetFileName = $"{archiveFile.Index}_{archiveFile.FileType}_{fileName}{extension}";
+
+            if (diskFiles.All(x => x != targetFileName))
+            {
+                return $"Не найдён файл {targetFileName}";
+            }
+
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(contentDirectoryPath, targetFileName);
+
+            var fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
+
+            if (!fileInfo.Exists)
+            {
+                throw new Exception();
+            }
+
+            var newFileLength = (int)fileInfo.Length;
+            
+            var listItem = new ListMetadataItem(
+                archiveFile.FileType,
+                archiveFile.ElementCount,
+                archiveFile.Magic1,
+                newFileLength,
+                archiveFile.ElementSize,
+                archiveFile.FileName,
+                archiveFile.Magic3,
+                archiveFile.Magic4,
+                archiveFile.Magic5,
+                archiveFile.Magic6,
+                fileOffset,
+                archiveFile.Index
+            );
+
+            fileOffset += newFileLength;
+            
+            metadataItems.Add(listItem);
+        }
+        
+        var totalFileLength = 
+            16 + // заголовок 
+            metadataItems.Sum(x => x.FileLength) + // сумма длин всех файлов 
+            metadataItems.Count * 64; // длина всех метаданных
+        
+        var header = new NResArchiveHeader(archive.Header.NRes, archive.Header.Version, archive.Header.FileCount, totalFileLength);
+
+        var targetArchive = new NResArchive(header, metadataItems);
+
+        // имя архива = имени папки в которую архив распаковывали
+        string targetArchiveFileName = Path.GetFileName(srcNresPath)!;
+        
+        var targetArchivePath = Path.Combine(targetFileDirectoryPath, targetArchiveFileName);
+        
+        using var fs = new FileStream(targetArchivePath, FileMode.CreateNew);
+
+        Span<byte> span = stackalloc byte[4];
+        
+        span.Clear();
+        Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(header.NRes, span);
+        fs.Write(span);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, header.Version);
+        fs.Write(span);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, header.FileCount);
+        fs.Write(span);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, header.TotalFileLengthBytes);
+        fs.Write(span);
+
+        foreach (var archiveFile in targetArchive.Files)
+        {
+            var extension = Path.GetExtension(archiveFile.FileName);
+            var fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(archiveFile.FileName);
+
+            if (extension == "")
+            {
+                extension = ".bin";
+            }
+
+            var targetFileName = $"{archiveFile.Index}_{archiveFile.FileType}_{fileName}{extension}";
+            
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(contentDirectoryPath, targetFileName);
+            using var srcFs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open);
+            
+            srcFs.CopyTo(fs);
+        }
+
+        Span<byte> fileNameSpan = stackalloc byte[20];
+
+        foreach (var archiveFile in targetArchive.Files)
+        {
+            span.Clear();
+            Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(archiveFile.FileType, span);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.ElementCount);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Magic1);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.FileLength);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.ElementSize);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            
+            fileNameSpan.Clear();
+            Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(archiveFile.FileName, fileNameSpan);
+            fs.Write(fileNameSpan);
+
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Magic3);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Magic4);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Magic5);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Magic6);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.OffsetInFile);
+            fs.Write(span);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(span, archiveFile.Index);
+            fs.Write(span);
+        }
+
+        fs.Flush();
+        
+        return "Запакован архив";
+    }
+}

NResUI/ImGuiUI/MainMenuBar.cs

@@ -138,6 +138,34 @@ namespace NResUI.ImGuiUI
                         }
                     }
 
+                    if (nResExplorerViewModel.HasFile)
+                    {
+                        if (ImGui.MenuItem("Запаковать NRes"))
+                        {
+                            messageBox.Show("Выберите папку с контентом NRES");
+                            var contentDirectoryPicker = Dialog.FolderPicker();
+
+                            if (contentDirectoryPicker.IsOk)
+                            {
+                                var contentDirectoryPath = contentDirectoryPicker.Path;
+                                
+                                var targetFileDirectoryPicker = Dialog.FolderPicker();
+
+                                if (targetFileDirectoryPicker.IsOk)
+                                {
+                                    var targetFileDirectory = targetFileDirectoryPicker.Path;
+
+                                    var packResult = NResPacker.Pack(
+                                        nResExplorerViewModel.Archive!, 
+                                        nResExplorerViewModel.Path!,
+                                        contentDirectoryPath, targetFileDirectory);
+
+                                    messageBox.Show(packResult);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     ImGui.EndMenu();
                 }
 

NResUI/ImGuiUI/NResExplorerPanel.cs

@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ public class NResExplorerPanel : IImGuiPanel
                             );
                             ImGui.TableNextColumn();
                             ImGui.Text(
-                                _viewModel.Archive.Files[i]
+                                "0x" + _viewModel.Archive.Files[i]
-                                    .ElementSize.ToString()
+                                    .ElementSize.ToString("X2")
                             );
                             ImGui.TableNextColumn();
                             ImGui.Text(_viewModel.Archive.Files[i].FileName);

NResUI/NResUI.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

ParkanPlayground.sln

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Visualisator", "Visualisato
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "X86Disassembler", "X86Disassembler\X86Disassembler.csproj", "{B5C2E94A-0F63-4E09-BC04-F2518E2CC1F0}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "X86DisassemblerTests", "X86DisassemblerTests\X86DisassemblerTests.csproj", "{D6A1F5A9-0C7A-4F8F-B8C5-83E9D3F3A1D5}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LandscapeExplorer", "LandscapeExplorer\LandscapeExplorer.csproj", "{2700BD3F-DC67-4B58-8F73-F790AA68E4FE}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -88,5 +92,13 @@ Global
 		{B5C2E94A-0F63-4E09-BC04-F2518E2CC1F0}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{B5C2E94A-0F63-4E09-BC04-F2518E2CC1F0}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{B5C2E94A-0F63-4E09-BC04-F2518E2CC1F0}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{D6A1F5A9-0C7A-4F8F-B8C5-83E9D3F3A1D5}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D6A1F5A9-0C7A-4F8F-B8C5-83E9D3F3A1D5}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D6A1F5A9-0C7A-4F8F-B8C5-83E9D3F3A1D5}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D6A1F5A9-0C7A-4F8F-B8C5-83E9D3F3A1D5}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{2700BD3F-DC67-4B58-8F73-F790AA68E4FE}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{2700BD3F-DC67-4B58-8F73-F790AA68E4FE}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{2700BD3F-DC67-4B58-8F73-F790AA68E4FE}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{2700BD3F-DC67-4B58-8F73-F790AA68E4FE}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal

ParkanPlayground.sln.DotSettings.user

@@ -1,11 +1,31 @@
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+  &lt;Project Location="C:\Projects\CSharp\ParkanPlayground\X86DisassemblerTests" Presentation="&amp;lt;X86DisassemblerTests&amp;gt;" /&gt;&#xD;
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+	</wpf:ResourceDictionary>

ParkanPlayground/ParkanPlayground.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

ScrLib/ScrLib.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

TestDisassembler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+namespace TestDisassembler;
+
+public class Program
+{
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        // Test the specific byte sequence that's causing issues
+        byte[] codeBytes = HexStringToByteArray("816B1078563412");
+        
+        // Create a disassembler with the code
+        Disassembler disassembler = new Disassembler(codeBytes, 0x1000);
+        
+        // Disassemble the code
+        var instructions = disassembler.Disassemble();
+        
+        // Print the number of instructions
+        Console.WriteLine($"Number of instructions: {instructions.Count}");
+        
+        // Print each instruction
+        for (int i = 0; i < instructions.Count; i++)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Instruction {i+1}: {instructions[i].Mnemonic} {instructions[i].Operands}");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(string hex)
+    {
+        // Remove any non-hex characters
+        hex = hex.Replace(" ", "").Replace("-", "");
+        
+        // Create a byte array
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2];
+        
+        // Convert each pair of hex characters to a byte
+        for (int i = 0; i < hex.Length; i += 2)
+        {
+            bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i, 2), 16);
+        }
+        
+        return bytes;
+    }
+}

TestDisassembler/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+namespace TestDisassembler;
+
+public class Program
+{
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        // Test the specific byte sequence with segment override prefix that's causing issues
+        byte[] codeBytes = HexStringToByteArray("26FF7510");
+        
+        // Create a disassembler with the code
+        Disassembler disassembler = new Disassembler(codeBytes, 0x1000);
+        
+        // Disassemble the code
+        var instructions = disassembler.Disassemble();
+        
+        // Print the number of instructions
+        Console.WriteLine($"Number of instructions: {instructions.Count}");
+        
+        // Print each instruction
+        for (int i = 0; i < instructions.Count; i++)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Instruction {i+1}: {instructions[i].Mnemonic} {instructions[i].Operands}");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(string hex)
+    {
+        // Remove any non-hex characters
+        hex = hex.Replace(" ", "").Replace("-", "");
+        
+        // Create a byte array
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2];
+        
+        // Convert each pair of hex characters to a byte
+        for (int i = 0; i < hex.Length; i += 2)
+        {
+            bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i, 2), 16);
+        }
+        
+        return bytes;
+    }
+}

TestDisassembler/TestDisassembler.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\X86Disassembler\X86Disassembler.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>

TexmLib/TexmLib.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

TextureDecoder/TextureDecoder.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

VarsetLib/VarsetLib.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     </PropertyGroup>

Visualisator/Visualisator.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
     <PropertyGroup>
         <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
         <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>

X86Disassembler/Analysers/AsmFunction.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a disassembled function with its control flow graph
+/// </summary>
+public class AsmFunction
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The starting address of the function
+    /// </summary>
+    public ulong Address { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The list of basic blocks that make up the function
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<InstructionBlock> Blocks { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{Address:X8}\n{string.Join("\n", Blocks)}";
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/Analysers/BlockDisassembler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86;
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Disassembles code into basic blocks by following control flow instructions.
+/// A basic block is a sequence of instructions with a single entry point (the first instruction)
+/// and a single exit point (the last instruction, typically a jump or return).
+/// </summary>
+public class BlockDisassembler
+{
+    // The buffer containing the code to disassemble
+    private readonly byte[] _codeBuffer;
+
+    // The length of the buffer
+    private readonly int _length;
+
+    // The base address of the code
+    private readonly ulong _baseAddress;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BlockDisassembler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="codeBuffer">The raw code bytes to be disassembled</param>
+    /// <param name="baseAddress">The base RVA (Relative Virtual Address) of the code section</param>
+    public BlockDisassembler(byte[] codeBuffer, ulong baseAddress)
+    {
+        _codeBuffer = codeBuffer;
+        _length = codeBuffer.Length;
+
+        _baseAddress = baseAddress;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Disassembles code starting from the specified RVA address by following control flow.
+    /// Creates blocks of instructions separated by jumps, branches, and returns.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="rvaAddress">The RVA (Relative Virtual Address) to start disassembly from</param>
+    /// <returns>A list of instruction blocks representing the control flow of the code</returns>
+    public AsmFunction DisassembleFromAddress(uint rvaAddress)
+    {
+        // Create instruction decoder for parsing the code buffer
+        InstructionDecoder decoder = new InstructionDecoder(_codeBuffer, _length);
+
+        // Track visited addresses to prevent infinite loops
+        HashSet<ulong> visitedAddresses = [];
+
+        // Queue of addresses to process (breadth-first approach)
+        Queue<ulong> addressQueue = [];
+        
+        // Calculate the file offset from the RVA by subtracting the base address
+        // Store the file offset for processing, but we'll convert back to RVA when creating blocks
+        ulong fileOffset = rvaAddress - _baseAddress;
+        addressQueue.Enqueue(fileOffset);
+        
+        // Keep track of the original entry point RVA for the function
+        ulong entryPointRVA = rvaAddress;
+
+        // List to store discovered basic blocks
+        List<InstructionBlock> blocks = [];
+        
+        // Dictionary to track blocks by address for quick lookup
+        Dictionary<ulong, InstructionBlock> blocksByAddress = new Dictionary<ulong, InstructionBlock>();
+        
+        while (addressQueue.Count > 0)
+        {
+            // Get the next address to process
+            var address = addressQueue.Dequeue();
+
+            // Skip if we've already visited this address
+            if (!visitedAddresses.Add(address))
+            {
+                // Skip addresses we've already processed
+                continue;
+            }
+            
+            // Position the decoder at the current address
+            decoder.SetPosition((int) address);
+
+            // Collect instructions for this block
+            List<Instruction> instructions = [];
+            
+            // Get the current block if it exists (for tracking predecessors)
+            InstructionBlock? currentBlock = null;
+            if (blocksByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var existingBlock))
+            {
+                currentBlock = existingBlock;
+            }
+
+            // Process instructions until we hit a control flow change
+            while (true)
+            {
+                // Get the current position
+                ulong currentPosition = (ulong)decoder.GetPosition();
+                
+                // If we've stepped onto an existing block, create a new block up to this point
+                // and stop processing this path (to avoid duplicating instructions)
+                if (blocksByAddress.TryGetValue(currentPosition, out var targetBlock) && currentPosition != address)
+                {
+                    // We've stepped onto an existing block, create a new one up to this point
+                    
+                    // Register this block and establish the relationship with the target block
+                    var newBlock = RegisterBlock(blocks, address, instructions, null, false, false);
+                    blocksByAddress[address] = newBlock;
+                    
+                    // Add the target block as a successor to the new block
+                    newBlock.Successors.Add(targetBlock);
+                    
+                    // Add the new block as a predecessor to the target block
+                    targetBlock.Predecessors.Add(newBlock);
+                    
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Decode the next instruction
+                var instruction = decoder.DecodeInstruction();
+
+                // Handle decoding failures
+                if (instruction is null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpectedly failed to decode instruction at {address}");
+                }
+
+                // Add the instruction to the current block
+                instructions.Add(instruction);
+
+                // Check for conditional jump (e.g., JZ, JNZ, JLE)
+                // For conditional jumps, we need to follow both the jump target and the fall-through path
+                if (instruction.Type.IsConditionalJump())
+                {
+                    // Get the jump target address
+                    uint jumpTargetAddress = instruction.StructuredOperands[0].GetValue();
+                    
+                    // Get the fall-through address (next instruction after this jump)
+                    uint fallThroughAddress = (uint)decoder.GetPosition();
+                    
+                    // Register this block (it ends with a conditional jump)
+                    var newBlock = RegisterBlock(blocks, address, instructions, currentBlock, false, false);
+                    blocksByAddress[address] = newBlock;
+                    
+                    // Register the target block if it doesn't exist yet
+                    InstructionBlock? jumpTargetBlock = null;
+                    if (blocksByAddress.TryGetValue(jumpTargetAddress, out var existingTargetBlock))
+                    {
+                        jumpTargetBlock = existingTargetBlock;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // We'll create this block later when we process the queue
+                        // For now, just queue it for processing
+                        addressQueue.Enqueue(jumpTargetAddress);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Register the fall-through block if it doesn't exist yet
+                    InstructionBlock? fallThroughBlock = null;
+                    if (blocksByAddress.TryGetValue(fallThroughAddress, out var existingFallThroughBlock))
+                    {
+                        fallThroughBlock = existingFallThroughBlock;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // We'll create this block later when we process the queue
+                        // For now, just queue it for processing
+                        addressQueue.Enqueue(fallThroughAddress);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // If the jump target block exists, add it as a successor to the current block
+                    if (jumpTargetBlock != null)
+                    {
+                        newBlock.Successors.Add(jumpTargetBlock);
+                        jumpTargetBlock.Predecessors.Add(newBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // If the fall-through block exists, add it as a successor to the current block
+                    if (fallThroughBlock != null)
+                    {
+                        newBlock.Successors.Add(fallThroughBlock);
+                        fallThroughBlock.Predecessors.Add(newBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Check for unconditional jump (e.g., JMP)
+                // For unconditional jumps, we only follow the jump target
+                if (instruction.Type.IsRegularJump())
+                {
+                    // Get the jump target address
+                    uint jumpTargetAddress = instruction.StructuredOperands[0].GetValue();
+                    
+                    // Register this block (it ends with an unconditional jump)
+                    var newBlock = RegisterBlock(blocks, address, instructions, currentBlock, false, false);
+                    blocksByAddress[address] = newBlock;
+                    
+                    // Register the target block if it doesn't exist yet
+                    InstructionBlock? jumpTargetBlock = null;
+                    if (blocksByAddress.TryGetValue(jumpTargetAddress, out var existingTargetBlock))
+                    {
+                        jumpTargetBlock = existingTargetBlock;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // We'll create this block later when we process the queue
+                        // For now, just queue it for processing
+                        addressQueue.Enqueue(jumpTargetAddress);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // If the jump target block exists, add it as a successor to the current block
+                    if (jumpTargetBlock != null)
+                    {
+                        newBlock.Successors.Add(jumpTargetBlock);
+                        jumpTargetBlock.Predecessors.Add(newBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Check for return instruction (e.g., RET, RETF)
+                // Returns end a block without any successors
+                if (instruction.Type.IsRet())
+                {
+                    // Register this block (it ends with a return)
+                    var newBlock = RegisterBlock(blocks, address, instructions, currentBlock, false, false);
+                    blocksByAddress[address] = newBlock;
+                    
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Since blocks aren't necessarily ordered (ASM can jump anywhere it likes)
+        // we need to sort the blocks ourselves
+        blocks.Sort((b1, b2) => b1.Address.CompareTo(b2.Address));
+
+        // First, establish the successor and predecessor relationships based on file offsets
+        // This is done by analyzing the last instruction of each block
+        foreach (var block in blocks)
+        {
+            if (block.Instructions.Count == 0) continue;
+            
+            var lastInstruction = block.Instructions[^1];
+            
+            // Check if the last instruction is a conditional jump
+            if (lastInstruction.Type.IsConditionalJump())
+            {
+                // Get the jump target address (file offset)
+                ulong targetAddress = 0;
+                if (lastInstruction.StructuredOperands.Count > 0 && lastInstruction.StructuredOperands[0] is RelativeOffsetOperand relOp)
+                {
+                    targetAddress = relOp.TargetAddress;
+                }
+                
+                // Find the target block
+                var targetBlock = blocks.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Address == targetAddress);
+                if (targetBlock != null)
+                {
+                    // Add the target block as a successor to this block
+                    if (!block.Successors.Contains(targetBlock))
+                    {
+                        block.Successors.Add(targetBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Add this block as a predecessor to the target block
+                    if (!targetBlock.Predecessors.Contains(block))
+                    {
+                        targetBlock.Predecessors.Add(block);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // For conditional jumps, also add the fall-through block as a successor
+                    // The fall-through block is the one that immediately follows this block in memory
+                    // Find the next block in address order
+                    var nextBlock = blocks.OrderBy(b => b.Address).FirstOrDefault(b => b.Address > block.Address);
+                    if (nextBlock != null)
+                    {
+                        // The fall-through block is the one that immediately follows this block in memory
+                        var fallThroughBlock = nextBlock;
+                        
+                        // Add the fall-through block as a successor to this block
+                        if (!block.Successors.Contains(fallThroughBlock))
+                        {
+                            block.Successors.Add(fallThroughBlock);
+                        }
+                        
+                        // Add this block as a predecessor to the fall-through block
+                        if (!fallThroughBlock.Predecessors.Contains(block))
+                        {
+                            fallThroughBlock.Predecessors.Add(block);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Check if the last instruction is an unconditional jump
+            else if (lastInstruction.Type == InstructionType.Jmp)
+            {
+                // Get the jump target address (file offset)
+                ulong targetAddress = 0;
+                if (lastInstruction.StructuredOperands.Count > 0 && lastInstruction.StructuredOperands[0] is RelativeOffsetOperand relOp)
+                {
+                    targetAddress = relOp.TargetAddress;
+                }
+                
+                // Find the target block
+                var targetBlock = blocks.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Address == targetAddress);
+                if (targetBlock != null)
+                {
+                    // Add the target block as a successor to this block
+                    if (!block.Successors.Contains(targetBlock))
+                    {
+                        block.Successors.Add(targetBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Add this block as a predecessor to the target block
+                    if (!targetBlock.Predecessors.Contains(block))
+                    {
+                        targetBlock.Predecessors.Add(block);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // For non-jump instructions that don't end the function (like Ret), add the fall-through block
+            else if (!lastInstruction.Type.IsRet())
+            {
+                // The fall-through block is the one that immediately follows this block in memory
+                // Find the next block in address order
+                var nextBlock = blocks.OrderBy(b => b.Address).FirstOrDefault(b => b.Address > block.Address);
+                if (nextBlock != null)
+                {
+                    // The fall-through block is the one that immediately follows this block in memory
+                    var fallThroughBlock = nextBlock;
+                    
+                    // Add the fall-through block as a successor to this block
+                    if (!block.Successors.Contains(fallThroughBlock))
+                    {
+                        block.Successors.Add(fallThroughBlock);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Add this block as a predecessor to the fall-through block
+                    if (!fallThroughBlock.Predecessors.Contains(block))
+                    {
+                        fallThroughBlock.Predecessors.Add(block);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Store the original file offset for each block in a dictionary
+        Dictionary<InstructionBlock, ulong> blockToFileOffset = new Dictionary<InstructionBlock, ulong>();
+        foreach (var block in blocks)
+        {
+            blockToFileOffset[block] = block.Address;
+        }
+
+        // Convert all block addresses from file offsets to RVA
+        // and update the block dictionary for quick lookup
+        Dictionary<ulong, InstructionBlock> rvaBlocksByAddress = new Dictionary<ulong, InstructionBlock>();
+        Dictionary<ulong, ulong> fileOffsetToRvaMap = new Dictionary<ulong, ulong>();
+        
+        // First pass: create a mapping from file offset to RVA for each block
+        foreach (var block in blocks)
+        {
+            // Get the original file offset address
+            ulong blockFileOffset = block.Address;
+            
+            // Calculate the RVA address
+            ulong blockRvaAddress = blockFileOffset + _baseAddress;
+            
+            // Store the mapping
+            fileOffsetToRvaMap[blockFileOffset] = blockRvaAddress;
+        }
+        
+        // Second pass: update all blocks to use RVA addresses
+        foreach (var block in blocks)
+        {
+            // Get the original file offset address
+            ulong blockFileOffset = block.Address;
+            
+            // Update the block's address to RVA
+            ulong blockRvaAddress = fileOffsetToRvaMap[blockFileOffset];
+            block.Address = blockRvaAddress;
+            
+            // Add to the dictionary for quick lookup
+            rvaBlocksByAddress[blockRvaAddress] = block;
+        }
+        
+        // Now update all successors and predecessors to use the correct RVA addresses
+        foreach (var block in blocks)
+        {
+            // Create new lists for successors and predecessors with the correct RVA addresses
+            List<InstructionBlock> updatedSuccessors = new List<InstructionBlock>();
+            List<InstructionBlock> updatedPredecessors = new List<InstructionBlock>();
+            
+            // Update successors
+            foreach (var successor in block.Successors)
+            {
+                // Get the original file offset of the successor
+                if (blockToFileOffset.TryGetValue(successor, out ulong successorFileOffset))
+                {
+                    // Look up the RVA address in our mapping
+                    if (fileOffsetToRvaMap.TryGetValue(successorFileOffset, out ulong successorRvaAddress))
+                    {
+                        // Find the block with this RVA address
+                        if (rvaBlocksByAddress.TryGetValue(successorRvaAddress, out var rvaSuccessor))
+                        {
+                            updatedSuccessors.Add(rvaSuccessor);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Update predecessors
+            foreach (var predecessor in block.Predecessors)
+            {
+                // Get the original file offset of the predecessor
+                if (blockToFileOffset.TryGetValue(predecessor, out ulong predecessorFileOffset))
+                {
+                    // Look up the RVA address in our mapping
+                    if (fileOffsetToRvaMap.TryGetValue(predecessorFileOffset, out ulong predecessorRvaAddress))
+                    {
+                        // Find the block with this RVA address
+                        if (rvaBlocksByAddress.TryGetValue(predecessorRvaAddress, out var rvaPredecessor))
+                        {
+                            updatedPredecessors.Add(rvaPredecessor);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Replace the old lists with the updated ones
+            block.Successors = updatedSuccessors;
+            block.Predecessors = updatedPredecessors;
+        }
+        
+        // Create a new AsmFunction with the RVA address
+        var asmFunction = new AsmFunction()
+        {
+            Address = entryPointRVA,
+            Blocks = blocks,
+        };
+        
+        // Verify that the entry block exists (no need to log this information)
+        
+        return asmFunction;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates and registers a new instruction block in the blocks collection
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="blocks">The list of blocks to add to</param>
+    /// <param name="address">The starting address of the block</param>
+    /// <param name="instructions">The instructions contained in the block</param>
+    /// <param name="currentBlock">The current block being processed (null if this is the first block)</param>
+    /// <param name="isJumpTarget">Whether this block is a jump target</param>
+    /// <param name="isFallThrough">Whether this block is a fall-through from another block</param>
+    /// <returns>The newly created block</returns>
+    public InstructionBlock RegisterBlock(
+        List<InstructionBlock> blocks, 
+        ulong address, 
+        List<Instruction> instructions, 
+        InstructionBlock? currentBlock = null, 
+        bool isJumpTarget = false, 
+        bool isFallThrough = false)
+    {
+        // Check if a block already exists at this address
+        var existingBlock = blocks.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Address == address);
+        
+        if (existingBlock != null)
+        {
+            // If the current block is not null, update the relationships
+            if (currentBlock != null)
+            {
+                // Add the existing block as a successor to the current block if not already present
+                if (!currentBlock.Successors.Contains(existingBlock))
+                {
+                    currentBlock.Successors.Add(existingBlock);
+                }
+                
+                // Add the current block as a predecessor to the existing block if not already present
+                if (!existingBlock.Predecessors.Contains(currentBlock))
+                {
+                    existingBlock.Predecessors.Add(currentBlock);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            return existingBlock;
+        }
+        
+        // Create a new block with the provided address and instructions
+        var block = new InstructionBlock()
+        {
+            Address = address,
+            Instructions = new List<Instruction>(instructions) // Create a copy of the instructions list
+        };
+        
+        // Add the block to the collection
+        blocks.Add(block);
+        
+        // If the current block is not null, update the relationships
+        if (currentBlock != null)
+        {
+            // Add the new block as a successor to the current block
+            currentBlock.Successors.Add(block);
+            
+            // Add the current block as a predecessor to the new block
+            block.Predecessors.Add(currentBlock);
+        }
+        
+        return block;
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a basic block of instructions with a single entry and exit point
+/// </summary>
+public class InstructionBlock
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The starting address of the block
+    /// </summary>
+    public ulong Address { get; set; }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The list of instructions contained in this block
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<Instruction> Instructions { get; set; } = [];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The blocks that can transfer control to this block
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<InstructionBlock> Predecessors { get; set; } = [];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The blocks that this block can transfer control to
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<InstructionBlock> Successors { get; set; } = [];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns a string representation of the block, including its address, instructions, and control flow information
+    /// </summary>
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        // Create a string for predecessors
+        string predecessorsStr = Predecessors.Count > 0 
+            ? $"Predecessors: {string.Join(", ", Predecessors.Select(p => $"0x{p.Address:X8}"))}"
+            : "No predecessors";
+            
+        // Create a string for successors
+        string successorsStr = Successors.Count > 0 
+            ? $"Successors: {string.Join(", ", Successors.Select(s => $"0x{s.Address:X8}"))}"
+            : "No successors";
+            
+        // Return the complete string representation
+        return $"Address: 0x{Address:X8}\n{predecessorsStr}\n{successorsStr}\n{string.Join("\n", Instructions)}";
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/Analysers/FileAbsoluteAddress.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+public abstract class Address(ulong value, ulong imageBase)
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The actual value of the address, not specifically typed.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected readonly ulong Value = value;
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// PE.ImageBase from which this address is constructed
+    /// </summary>
+    protected readonly ulong ImageBase = imageBase;
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Absolute address in the PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class FileAbsoluteAddress(ulong value, ulong imageBase) : Address(value, imageBase)
+{
+    public ulong GetValue()
+    {
+        return Value;
+    }
+
+    public virtual VirtualAddress AsImageBaseAddress()
+    {
+        return new VirtualAddress(Value + ImageBase, ImageBase);
+    }
+
+    public virtual FileAbsoluteAddress AsFileAbsolute()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Address from PE.ImageBase
+/// </summary>
+public class VirtualAddress : FileAbsoluteAddress
+{
+    public VirtualAddress(ulong value, ulong imageBase) : base(value, imageBase)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public override VirtualAddress AsImageBaseAddress()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public override FileAbsoluteAddress AsFileAbsolute()
+    {
+        return new FileAbsoluteAddress(Value - ImageBase, ImageBase);
+    }
+}
+

X86Disassembler/Analysers/InstructionTypeExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+public static class InstructionTypeExtensions
+{
+    public static bool IsConditionalJump(this InstructionType type)
+    {
+        return type switch
+        {
+            InstructionType.Jg => true,
+            InstructionType.Jge => true,
+            InstructionType.Jl => true,
+            InstructionType.Jle => true,
+            InstructionType.Ja => true,
+            InstructionType.Jae => true,
+            InstructionType.Jb => true,
+            InstructionType.Jbe => true,
+            InstructionType.Jz => true,
+            InstructionType.Jnz => true,
+            InstructionType.Jo => true,
+            InstructionType.Jno => true,
+            InstructionType.Js => true,
+            InstructionType.Jns => true,
+            InstructionType.Jp => true,
+            InstructionType.Jnp => true,
+            _ => false
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsRegularJump(this InstructionType type)
+    {
+        return type == InstructionType.Jmp;
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsRet(this InstructionType type)
+    {
+        return type is InstructionType.Ret or InstructionType.Retf;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/Analysers/OperandExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86;
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+public static class OperandExtensions
+{
+    public static uint GetValue(this Operand operand)
+    {
+        return operand switch
+        {
+            RelativeOffsetOperand roo => roo.TargetAddress,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/PEUtility.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Utility class for PE format operations
+/// </summary>
+public class PEUtility
+{
+    private readonly List<SectionHeader> _sectionHeaders;
+    private readonly uint _sizeOfHeaders;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initialize a new instance of the PEUtility class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="sectionHeaders">The section headers</param>
+    /// <param name="sizeOfHeaders">The size of the headers</param>
+    public PEUtility(List<SectionHeader> sectionHeaders, uint sizeOfHeaders)
+    {
+        _sectionHeaders = sectionHeaders;
+        _sizeOfHeaders = sizeOfHeaders;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a Relative Virtual Address (RVA) to a file offset
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="rva">The RVA to convert</param>
+    /// <returns>The corresponding file offset</returns>
+    public uint RvaToOffset(uint rva)
+    {
+        if (rva == 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var section in _sectionHeaders)
+        {
+            // Check if the RVA is within this section
+            if (rva >= section.VirtualAddress && rva < section.VirtualAddress + section.VirtualSize)
+            {
+                // Calculate the offset within the section
+                uint offsetInSection = rva - section.VirtualAddress;
+
+                // Make sure we don't exceed the raw data size
+                if (offsetInSection < section.SizeOfRawData)
+                {
+                    return section.PointerToRawData + offsetInSection;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If the RVA is not within any section, it might be in the headers
+        if (rva < _sizeOfHeaders)
+        {
+            return rva;
+        }
+
+        throw new ArgumentException($"RVA {rva:X8} is not within any section");
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/DOSHeaderParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for the DOS header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class DOSHeaderParser : IParser<DOSHeader>
+{
+    // DOS Header constants
+    private const ushort DOS_SIGNATURE = 0x5A4D; // 'MZ'
+
+    public DOSHeader Parse(BinaryReader reader)
+    {
+        var header = new DOSHeader();
+
+        header.e_magic = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        if (header.e_magic != DOS_SIGNATURE)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid DOS signature (MZ)");
+        }
+
+        header.e_cblp = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_cp = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_crlc = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_cparhdr = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_minalloc = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_maxalloc = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_ss = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_sp = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_csum = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_ip = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_cs = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_lfarlc = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_ovno = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+        header.e_res = new ushort[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            header.e_res[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        }
+
+        header.e_oemid = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.e_oeminfo = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+        header.e_res2 = new ushort[10];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+        {
+            header.e_res2[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        }
+
+        header.e_lfanew = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        return header;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/ExportDirectoryParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+using System.Text;
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for the Export Directory of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ExportDirectoryParser
+{
+    private readonly PEUtility _utility;
+
+    public ExportDirectoryParser(PEUtility utility)
+    {
+        _utility = utility;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the Export Directory from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader</param>
+    /// <param name="rva">The RVA of the Export Directory</param>
+    /// <returns>The parsed Export Directory</returns>
+    public ExportDirectory Parse(BinaryReader reader, uint rva)
+    {
+        ExportDirectory directory = new ExportDirectory();
+
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(rva), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+        directory.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.TimeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.MajorVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        directory.MinorVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        directory.DllNameRva = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.Base = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.NumberOfFunctions = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.NumberOfNames = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.AddressOfFunctions = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.AddressOfNames = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        directory.AddressOfNameOrdinals = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        uint dllNameOffset = _utility.RvaToOffset(directory.DllNameRva);
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(dllNameOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+        // Read the null-terminated ASCII string
+        var nameBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        byte b;
+
+        while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
+        {
+            nameBuilder.Append((char) b);
+        }
+
+        directory.DllName = nameBuilder.ToString();
+
+        return directory;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the exported functions using the export directory information
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader</param>
+    /// <param name="directory">The Export Directory</param>
+    /// <param name="exportDirRva">The RVA of the Export Directory</param>
+    /// <param name="exportDirSize">The size of the Export Directory</param>
+    /// <returns>List of exported functions</returns>
+    public List<ExportedFunction> ParseExportedFunctions(BinaryReader reader, ExportDirectory directory, uint exportDirRva, uint exportDirSize)
+    {
+        List<ExportedFunction> exportedFunctions = new List<ExportedFunction>();
+
+        // Read the array of function addresses (RVAs)
+        uint[] functionRVAs = new uint[directory.NumberOfFunctions];
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(directory.AddressOfFunctions), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        for (int i = 0; i < directory.NumberOfFunctions; i++)
+        {
+            functionRVAs[i] = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        }
+
+        // Read the array of name RVAs
+        uint[] nameRVAs = new uint[directory.NumberOfNames];
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(directory.AddressOfNames), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        for (int i = 0; i < directory.NumberOfNames; i++)
+        {
+            nameRVAs[i] = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        }
+
+        // Read the array of name ordinals
+        ushort[] nameOrdinals = new ushort[directory.NumberOfNames];
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(directory.AddressOfNameOrdinals), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        for (int i = 0; i < directory.NumberOfNames; i++)
+        {
+            nameOrdinals[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        }
+
+        // Create a dictionary to map ordinals to names
+        Dictionary<ushort, string> ordinalToName = new Dictionary<ushort, string>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < directory.NumberOfNames; i++)
+        {
+            // Read the function name
+            reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(nameRVAs[i]), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            var nameBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+            byte b;
+            while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
+            {
+                nameBuilder.Append((char) b);
+            }
+
+            string name = nameBuilder.ToString();
+
+            // Map the ordinal to the name
+            ordinalToName[nameOrdinals[i]] = name;
+        }
+
+        // Create the exported functions
+        for (ushort i = 0; i < directory.NumberOfFunctions; i++)
+        {
+            uint functionRVA = functionRVAs[i];
+            if (functionRVA == 0)
+            {
+                continue; // Skip empty entries
+            }
+
+            ExportedFunction function = new ExportedFunction();
+            function.Ordinal = (ushort) (i + directory.Base);
+            function.AddressRva = functionRVA;
+
+            // Check if this function has a name
+            if (ordinalToName.TryGetValue(i, out string? name))
+            {
+                function.Name = name;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                function.Name = $"Ordinal_{function.Ordinal}";
+            }
+
+            // Check if this is a forwarder
+            uint exportDirEnd = exportDirRva + exportDirSize;
+
+            if (functionRVA >= exportDirRva && functionRVA < exportDirEnd)
+            {
+                function.IsForwarder = true;
+
+                // Read the forwarder string
+                reader.BaseStream.Seek(_utility.RvaToOffset(functionRVA), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                var forwarderBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+                byte b;
+                while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
+                {
+                    forwarderBuilder.Append((char) b);
+                }
+
+                function.ForwarderName = forwarderBuilder.ToString();
+            }
+
+            exportedFunctions.Add(function);
+        }
+
+        return exportedFunctions;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/FileHeaderParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for the File header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class FileHeaderParser : IParser<FileHeader>
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the File header from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader positioned at the start of the File header</param>
+    /// <returns>The parsed File header</returns>
+    public FileHeader Parse(BinaryReader reader)
+    {
+        var header = new FileHeader();
+
+        header.Machine = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.NumberOfSections = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.TimeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.PointerToSymbolTable = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.NumberOfSymbols = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfOptionalHeader = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+        return header;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/IParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Interface for PE format component parsers
+/// </summary>
+/// <typeparam name="T">The type of component to parse</typeparam>
+public interface IParser<out T>
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse a component from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader positioned at the start of the component</param>
+    /// <returns>The parsed component</returns>
+    T Parse(BinaryReader reader);
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/ImportDescriptorParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+using System.Text;
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for Import Descriptors in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ImportDescriptorParser
+{
+    private readonly PEUtility _utility;
+
+    public ImportDescriptorParser(PEUtility utility)
+    {
+        _utility = utility;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the Import Descriptors from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader</param>
+    /// <param name="rva">The RVA of the Import Directory</param>
+    /// <returns>List of Import Descriptors</returns>
+    public List<ImportDescriptor> Parse(BinaryReader reader, uint rva)
+    {
+        var descriptors = new List<ImportDescriptor>();
+
+        uint importTableOffset = _utility.RvaToOffset(rva);
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(importTableOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+        int descriptorCount = 0;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            descriptorCount++;
+
+            // Read the import descriptor
+            uint originalFirstThunk = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            uint timeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            uint forwarderChain = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            uint nameRva = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            uint firstThunk = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+            // Check if we've reached the end of the import descriptors
+            if (originalFirstThunk == 0 && nameRva == 0 && firstThunk == 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ImportDescriptor descriptor = new ImportDescriptor
+            {
+                OriginalFirstThunkRva = originalFirstThunk,
+                TimeDateStamp = timeDateStamp,
+                ForwarderChain = forwarderChain,
+                DllNameRva = nameRva,
+                FirstThunkRva = firstThunk,
+                DllName = "Unknown"
+            };
+
+            if (nameRva != 0)
+            {
+                uint nameOffset = _utility.RvaToOffset(nameRva);
+                reader.BaseStream.Seek(nameOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+                // Read the null-terminated ASCII string
+                StringBuilder nameBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+                byte b;
+
+                while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
+                {
+                    nameBuilder.Append((char) b);
+                }
+
+                descriptor.DllName = nameBuilder.ToString();
+            }
+
+            // Parse the imported functions
+            ParseImportedFunctions(reader, descriptor);
+
+            descriptors.Add(descriptor);
+
+            // Return to the import table to read the next descriptor
+            reader.BaseStream.Seek(importTableOffset + (descriptorCount * 20), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        }
+
+        return descriptors;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the imported functions for a given import descriptor
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader</param>
+    /// <param name="descriptor">The Import Descriptor</param>
+    private void ParseImportedFunctions(BinaryReader reader, ImportDescriptor descriptor)
+    {
+        // Use OriginalFirstThunk if available, otherwise use FirstThunk
+        uint thunkRva = descriptor.OriginalFirstThunkRva != 0
+            ? descriptor.OriginalFirstThunkRva
+            : descriptor.FirstThunkRva;
+
+        if (thunkRva == 0)
+        {
+            return; // No functions to parse
+        }
+
+        uint thunkOffset = _utility.RvaToOffset(thunkRva);
+        int functionCount = 0;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            reader.BaseStream.Seek(thunkOffset + (functionCount * 4), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            uint thunkData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+            if (thunkData == 0)
+            {
+                break; // End of the function list
+            }
+
+            ImportedFunction function = new ImportedFunction
+            {
+                ThunkRva = thunkRva + (uint) (functionCount * 4)
+            };
+
+            // Check if imported by ordinal (high bit set)
+            if ((thunkData & 0x80000000) != 0)
+            {
+                function.IsOrdinal = true;
+                function.Ordinal = (ushort) (thunkData & 0xFFFF);
+                function.Name = $"Ordinal {function.Ordinal}";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Imported by name - the thunkData is an RVA to a hint/name structure
+
+                uint hintNameOffset = _utility.RvaToOffset(thunkData);
+                reader.BaseStream.Seek(hintNameOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+                // Read the hint (2 bytes)
+                function.Hint = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+                // Read the function name (null-terminated ASCII string)
+                StringBuilder nameBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+                byte b;
+
+                while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
+                {
+                    nameBuilder.Append((char) b);
+                }
+
+                function.Name = nameBuilder.ToString();
+
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(function.Name))
+                {
+                    function.Name = $"Function_at_{thunkData:X8}";
+                }
+            }
+
+            descriptor.Functions.Add(function);
+            functionCount++;
+        }
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/OptionalHeaderParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for the Optional header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class OptionalHeaderParser : IParser<OptionalHeader>
+{
+    // Optional Header Magic values
+    private const ushort PE32_MAGIC = 0x10B; // 32-bit executable
+    private const ushort PE32PLUS_MAGIC = 0x20B; // 64-bit executable
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse the Optional header from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader positioned at the start of the Optional header</param>
+    /// <returns>The parsed Optional header</returns>
+    public OptionalHeader Parse(BinaryReader reader)
+    {
+        var header = new OptionalHeader();
+
+        // Standard fields
+        header.Magic = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Determine if this is a PE32 or PE32+ file
+        var is64Bit = header.Magic == PE32PLUS_MAGIC;
+
+        header.MajorLinkerVersion = reader.ReadByte();
+        header.MinorLinkerVersion = reader.ReadByte();
+        header.SizeOfCode = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfInitializedData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfUninitializedData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.AddressOfEntryPoint = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.BaseOfCode = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        // PE32 has BaseOfData, PE32+ doesn't
+        if (!is64Bit)
+        {
+            header.BaseOfData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        }
+
+        // Windows-specific fields
+        header.ImageBase = is64Bit
+            ? reader.ReadUInt64()
+            : reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        header.SectionAlignment = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.FileAlignment = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.MajorOperatingSystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.MinorOperatingSystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.MajorImageVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.MinorImageVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.MajorSubsystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.MinorSubsystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.Win32VersionValue = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfImage = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfHeaders = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.CheckSum = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.Subsystem = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.DllCharacteristics = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Size fields differ between PE32 and PE32+
+        if (is64Bit)
+        {
+            header.SizeOfStackReserve = reader.ReadUInt64();
+            header.SizeOfStackCommit = reader.ReadUInt64();
+            header.SizeOfHeapReserve = reader.ReadUInt64();
+            header.SizeOfHeapCommit = reader.ReadUInt64();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            header.SizeOfStackReserve = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            header.SizeOfStackCommit = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            header.SizeOfHeapReserve = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            header.SizeOfHeapCommit = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        }
+
+        header.LoaderFlags = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        // Data directories
+        header.DataDirectories = new DataDirectory[header.NumberOfRvaAndSizes];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < header.NumberOfRvaAndSizes; i++)
+        {
+            var dir = new DataDirectory();
+            dir.VirtualAddress = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            dir.Size = reader.ReadUInt32();
+            header.DataDirectories[i] = dir;
+        }
+
+        return header;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Parsers/SectionHeaderParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using System.Text;
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Parser for section headers in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class SectionHeaderParser : IParser<SectionHeader>
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parse a section header from the binary reader
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reader">The binary reader positioned at the start of the section header</param>
+    /// <returns>The parsed section header</returns>
+    public SectionHeader Parse(BinaryReader reader)
+    {
+        var header = new SectionHeader();
+
+        // Read section name (8 bytes)
+        var nameBytes = reader.ReadBytes(8);
+        // Convert to string, removing any null characters
+        header.Name = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(nameBytes)
+            .TrimEnd('\0');
+
+        header.VirtualSize = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.VirtualAddress = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.SizeOfRawData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.PointerToRawData = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.PointerToRelocations = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.PointerToLinenumbers = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        header.NumberOfRelocations = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.NumberOfLinenumbers = reader.ReadUInt16();
+        header.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+        return header;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/PeFile.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Parsers;
+using X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a Portable Executable (PE) file format parser
+/// </summary>
+public class PeFile
+{
+    // DOS Header constants
+    private const ushort DOS_SIGNATURE = 0x5A4D; // 'MZ'
+    private const uint PE_SIGNATURE = 0x00004550; // 'PE\0\0'
+
+    // Optional Header Magic values
+    private const ushort PE32_MAGIC = 0x10B; // 32-bit executable
+    private const ushort PE32PLUS_MAGIC = 0x20B; // 64-bit executable
+
+    // Section characteristics flags
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE = 0x00000020; // Section contains code
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE = 0x20000000; // Section is executable
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ = 0x40000000; // Section is readable
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE = 0x80000000; // Section is writable
+
+    // Data directories
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT = 0; // Export Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT = 1; // Import Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE = 2; // Resource Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION = 3; // Exception Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY = 4; // Security Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC = 5; // Base Relocation Table
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG = 6; // Debug Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_ARCHITECTURE = 7; // Architecture Specific Data
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR = 8; // RVA of GP
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS = 9; // TLS Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG = 10; // Load Configuration Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT = 11; // Bound Import Directory
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT = 12; // Import Address Table
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT = 13; // Delay Load Import Descriptors
+    private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR = 14; // COM Runtime descriptor
+
+    // PE file data
+    private byte[] _fileData;
+
+    // Parser instances
+    private readonly DOSHeaderParser _dosHeaderParser;
+    private readonly FileHeaderParser _fileHeaderParser;
+    private readonly OptionalHeaderParser _optionalHeaderParser;
+    private readonly SectionHeaderParser _sectionHeaderParser;
+    private PEUtility _peUtility;
+    private ExportDirectoryParser _exportDirectoryParser;
+    private ImportDescriptorParser _importDescriptorParser;
+
+    // Parsed headers
+    public DOSHeader DosHeader { get; private set; }
+    public FileHeader FileHeader { get; private set; }
+    public OptionalHeader OptionalHeader { get; private set; }
+    public List<SectionHeader> SectionHeaders { get; private set; }
+    public bool Is64Bit { get; private set; }
+
+    // Export and Import information
+    public ExportDirectory ExportDirectory { get; private set; }
+    public List<ExportedFunction> ExportedFunctions { get; private set; }
+    public List<ImportDescriptor> ImportDescriptors { get; private set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the PEFormat class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="fileData">The raw file data</param>
+    public PeFile(byte[] fileData)
+    {
+        _fileData = fileData;
+        SectionHeaders = [];
+        ExportedFunctions = [];
+        ImportDescriptors = [];
+
+        // Initialize parsers
+        _dosHeaderParser = new DOSHeaderParser();
+        _fileHeaderParser = new FileHeaderParser();
+        _optionalHeaderParser = new OptionalHeaderParser();
+        _sectionHeaderParser = new SectionHeaderParser();
+
+        // Initialize properties to avoid nullability warnings
+        DosHeader = new DOSHeader();
+        FileHeader = new FileHeader();
+        OptionalHeader = new OptionalHeader();
+        ExportDirectory = new ExportDirectory();
+
+        // These will be initialized during Parse()
+        _peUtility = null!;
+        _exportDirectoryParser = null!;
+        _importDescriptorParser = null!;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parses the PE file structure
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Parse()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream(_fileData);
+        using var reader = new BinaryReader(stream);
+
+        // Parse DOS header
+        DosHeader = _dosHeaderParser.Parse(reader);
+
+        // Move to PE header
+        reader.BaseStream.Seek(DosHeader.e_lfanew, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+        // Verify PE signature
+        uint peSignature = reader.ReadUInt32();
+        if (peSignature != PE_SIGNATURE)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid PE signature");
+        }
+
+        // Parse File Header
+        FileHeader = _fileHeaderParser.Parse(reader);
+
+        // Parse Optional Header
+        OptionalHeader = _optionalHeaderParser.Parse(reader);
+        Is64Bit = OptionalHeader.Is64Bit();
+
+        // Parse Section Headers
+        for (int i = 0; i < FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++)
+        {
+            SectionHeaders.Add(_sectionHeaderParser.Parse(reader));
+        }
+
+        // Initialize utility after section headers are parsed
+        _peUtility = new PEUtility(SectionHeaders, OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders);
+        _exportDirectoryParser = new ExportDirectoryParser(_peUtility);
+        _importDescriptorParser = new ImportDescriptorParser(_peUtility);
+
+        // Parse Export Directory
+        if (OptionalHeader.DataDirectories.Length > IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT &&
+            OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress != 0)
+        {
+            uint exportDirRva = OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress;
+            uint exportDirSize = OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].Size;
+
+            ExportDirectory = _exportDirectoryParser.Parse(reader, exportDirRva);
+            ExportedFunctions = _exportDirectoryParser.ParseExportedFunctions(
+                reader,
+                ExportDirectory,
+                exportDirRva,
+                exportDirSize
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Parse Import Descriptors
+        if (OptionalHeader.DataDirectories.Length > IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT &&
+            OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress != 0)
+        {
+            uint importDirRva = OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress;
+            ImportDescriptors = _importDescriptorParser.Parse(reader, importDirRva);
+        }
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/DOSHeader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the DOS header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class DOSHeader
+{
+    public ushort e_magic; // Magic number (MZ)
+    public ushort e_cblp; // Bytes on last page of file
+    public ushort e_cp; // Pages in file
+    public ushort e_crlc; // Relocations
+    public ushort e_cparhdr; // Size of header in paragraphs
+    public ushort e_minalloc; // Minimum extra paragraphs needed
+    public ushort e_maxalloc; // Maximum extra paragraphs needed
+    public ushort e_ss; // Initial (relative) SS value
+    public ushort e_sp; // Initial SP value
+    public ushort e_csum; // Checksum
+    public ushort e_ip; // Initial IP value
+    public ushort e_cs; // Initial (relative) CS value
+    public ushort e_lfarlc; // File address of relocation table
+    public ushort e_ovno; // Overlay number
+    public ushort[] e_res = new ushort[4]; // Reserved words
+    public ushort e_oemid; // OEM identifier (for e_oeminfo)
+    public ushort e_oeminfo; // OEM information; e_oemid specific
+    public ushort[] e_res2 = new ushort[10]; // Reserved words
+    public uint e_lfanew; // File address of new exe header
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/DataDirectory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a data directory in the optional header
+/// </summary>
+public class DataDirectory
+{
+    public uint VirtualAddress; // RVA of the table
+    public uint Size; // Size of the table
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/ExportDirectory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the Export Directory of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ExportDirectory
+{
+    public uint Characteristics; // Reserved, must be 0
+    public uint TimeDateStamp; // Time and date stamp
+    public ushort MajorVersion; // Major version
+    public ushort MinorVersion; // Minor version
+    public uint DllNameRva; // RVA of the name of the DLL
+    public string DllName = ""; // The actual name of the DLL
+    public uint Base; // Ordinal base
+    public uint NumberOfFunctions; // Number of functions
+    public uint NumberOfNames; // Number of names
+    public uint AddressOfFunctions; // RVA of the export address table
+    public uint AddressOfNames; // RVA of the export names table
+    public uint AddressOfNameOrdinals; // RVA of the ordinal table
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/ExportedFunction.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents an exported function in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ExportedFunction
+{
+    public string Name = ""; // Function name
+    public ushort Ordinal; // Function ordinal
+    public uint AddressRva; // Function RVA
+    public bool IsForwarder; // True if this is a forwarder
+    public string ForwarderName = ""; // Name of the forwarded function
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/FileHeader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the File header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class FileHeader
+{
+    public ushort Machine; // Target machine type
+    public ushort NumberOfSections; // Number of sections
+    public uint TimeDateStamp; // Time and date stamp
+    public uint PointerToSymbolTable; // File pointer to COFF symbol table
+    public uint NumberOfSymbols; // Number of symbols
+    public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; // Size of optional header
+    public ushort Characteristics; // Characteristics
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/ImportDescriptor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents an Import Descriptor in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ImportDescriptor
+{
+    public uint OriginalFirstThunkRva; // RVA to original first thunk
+    public uint TimeDateStamp; // Time and date stamp
+    public uint ForwarderChain; // Forwarder chain
+    public uint DllNameRva; // RVA to the name of the DLL
+    public string DllName = ""; // The actual name of the DLL
+    public uint FirstThunkRva; // RVA to first thunk
+
+    public List<ImportedFunction> Functions = [];
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/ImportedFunction.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents an imported function in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class ImportedFunction
+{
+    public string Name = ""; // Function name
+    public ushort Hint; // Hint value
+    public bool IsOrdinal; // True if imported by ordinal
+    public ushort Ordinal; // Ordinal value (if imported by ordinal)
+    public uint ThunkRva; // RVA of the thunk for this function
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/OptionalHeader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the Optional header of a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class OptionalHeader
+{
+    // Optional Header Magic values
+    private const ushort PE32_MAGIC = 0x10B; // 32-bit executable
+    private const ushort PE32PLUS_MAGIC = 0x20B; // 64-bit executable
+
+    // Standard fields
+    public ushort Magic; // Magic number (PE32 or PE32+)
+    public byte MajorLinkerVersion; // Major linker version
+    public byte MinorLinkerVersion; // Minor linker version
+    public uint SizeOfCode; // Size of code section
+    public uint SizeOfInitializedData; // Size of initialized data section
+    public uint SizeOfUninitializedData; // Size of uninitialized data section
+    public uint AddressOfEntryPoint; // Address of entry point
+    public uint BaseOfCode; // Base of code section
+    public uint BaseOfData; // Base of data section (PE32 only)
+
+    // Windows-specific fields
+    public ulong ImageBase; // Image base address (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
+    public uint SectionAlignment; // Section alignment
+    public uint FileAlignment; // File alignment
+    public ushort MajorOperatingSystemVersion; // Major OS version
+    public ushort MinorOperatingSystemVersion; // Minor OS version
+    public ushort MajorImageVersion; // Major image version
+    public ushort MinorImageVersion; // Minor image version
+    public ushort MajorSubsystemVersion; // Major subsystem version
+    public ushort MinorSubsystemVersion; // Minor subsystem version
+    public uint Win32VersionValue; // Win32 version value
+    public uint SizeOfImage; // Size of image
+    public uint SizeOfHeaders; // Size of headers
+    public uint CheckSum; // Checksum
+    public ushort Subsystem; // Subsystem
+    public ushort DllCharacteristics; // DLL characteristics
+    public ulong SizeOfStackReserve; // Size of stack reserve (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
+    public ulong SizeOfStackCommit; // Size of stack commit (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
+    public ulong SizeOfHeapReserve; // Size of heap reserve (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
+    public ulong SizeOfHeapCommit; // Size of heap commit (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
+    public uint LoaderFlags; // Loader flags
+    public uint NumberOfRvaAndSizes; // Number of RVA and sizes
+
+    public DataDirectory[] DataDirectories = []; // Data directories
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines if the PE file is 64-bit based on the Magic value
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>True if the PE file is 64-bit, false otherwise</returns>
+    public bool Is64Bit()
+    {
+        return Magic == PE32PLUS_MAGIC;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PE/Types/SectionHeader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.PE.Types;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a section header in a PE file
+/// </summary>
+public class SectionHeader
+{
+    // Section characteristics flags
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE = 0x00000020; // Section contains code
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE = 0x20000000; // Section is executable
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ = 0x40000000; // Section is readable
+    private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE = 0x80000000; // Section is writable
+
+    public string Name = ""; // Section name
+    public uint VirtualSize; // Virtual size
+    public uint VirtualAddress; // Virtual address
+    public uint SizeOfRawData; // Size of raw data
+    public uint PointerToRawData; // Pointer to raw data
+    public uint PointerToRelocations; // Pointer to relocations
+    public uint PointerToLinenumbers; // Pointer to line numbers
+    public ushort NumberOfRelocations; // Number of relocations
+    public ushort NumberOfLinenumbers; // Number of line numbers
+    public uint Characteristics; // Characteristics
+
+    public bool ContainsCode()
+    {
+        return (Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE) != 0 ||
+               (Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsReadable()
+    {
+        return (Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsWritable()
+    {
+        return (Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsExecutable()
+    {
+        return (Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) != 0;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/PEFormat.cs

@@ -1,834 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using System.Text;
-
-namespace X86Disassembler
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Represents a Portable Executable (PE) file format parser
-    /// </summary>
-    public class PEFormat
-    {
-        // DOS Header constants
-        private const ushort DOS_SIGNATURE = 0x5A4D;       // 'MZ'
-        private const uint PE_SIGNATURE = 0x00004550;      // 'PE\0\0'
-        
-        // Optional Header Magic values
-        private const ushort PE32_MAGIC = 0x10B;           // 32-bit executable
-        private const ushort PE32PLUS_MAGIC = 0x20B;       // 64-bit executable
-        
-        // Section characteristics flags
-        private const uint IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE = 0x00000020;            // Section contains code
-        private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE = 0x20000000;         // Section is executable
-        private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ = 0x40000000;            // Section is readable
-        private const uint IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE = 0x80000000;           // Section is writable
-        
-        // Data directories
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT = 0;             // Export Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT = 1;             // Import Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE = 2;           // Resource Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION = 3;          // Exception Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY = 4;           // Security Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC = 5;          // Base Relocation Table
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG = 6;              // Debug Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_ARCHITECTURE = 7;       // Architecture Specific Data
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR = 8;          // RVA of GP
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS = 9;                // TLS Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG = 10;       // Load Configuration Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT = 11;      // Bound Import Directory
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT = 12;               // Import Address Table
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT = 13;      // Delay Load Import Descriptors
-        private const int IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR = 14;    // COM Runtime descriptor
-        
-        // PE file data
-        private byte[] _fileData;
-        
-        // Parsed headers
-        public DOSHeader DosHeader { get; private set; }
-        public FileHeader FileHeader { get; private set; }
-        public OptionalHeader OptionalHeader { get; private set; }
-        public List<SectionHeader> SectionHeaders { get; private set; }
-        public bool Is64Bit { get; private set; }
-        
-        // Export and Import information
-        public ExportDirectory ExportDirectory { get; private set; }
-        public List<ExportedFunction> ExportedFunctions { get; private set; }
-        public List<ImportDescriptor> ImportDescriptors { get; private set; }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses a PE file from the given byte array
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="fileData">The raw file data</param>
-        public PEFormat(byte[] fileData)
-        {
-            _fileData = fileData;
-            SectionHeaders = new List<SectionHeader>();
-            ExportedFunctions = new List<ExportedFunction>();
-            ImportDescriptors = new List<ImportDescriptor>();
-            Parse();
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the PE file structure
-        /// </summary>
-        private void Parse()
-        {
-            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(_fileData))
-            using (BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream))
-            {
-                // Parse DOS header
-                DosHeader = ParseDOSHeader(reader);
-                
-                // Move to PE header
-                reader.BaseStream.Seek(DosHeader.e_lfanew, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                
-                // Verify PE signature
-                uint peSignature = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                if (peSignature != PE_SIGNATURE)
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid PE signature");
-                }
-                
-                // Parse File Header
-                FileHeader = ParseFileHeader(reader);
-                
-                // Parse Optional Header
-                OptionalHeader = ParseOptionalHeader(reader);
-                
-                // Parse Section Headers
-                for (int i = 0; i < FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++)
-                {
-                    SectionHeaders.Add(ParseSectionHeader(reader));
-                }
-                
-                // Parse Export Directory
-                if (OptionalHeader.DataDirectories.Length > IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT && 
-                    OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress != 0)
-                {
-                    ExportDirectory = ParseExportDirectory(reader, OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress);
-                    ParseExportedFunctions(reader);
-                }
-                
-                // Parse Import Descriptors
-                if (OptionalHeader.DataDirectories.Length > IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT && 
-                    OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress != 0)
-                {
-                    ImportDescriptors = ParseImportDescriptors(reader, OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the DOS header
-        /// </summary>
-        private DOSHeader ParseDOSHeader(BinaryReader reader)
-        {
-            DOSHeader header = new DOSHeader();
-            
-            header.e_magic = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            if (header.e_magic != DOS_SIGNATURE)
-            {
-                throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid DOS signature (MZ)");
-            }
-            
-            header.e_cblp = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_cp = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_crlc = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_cparhdr = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_minalloc = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_maxalloc = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_ss = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_sp = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_csum = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_ip = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_cs = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_lfarlc = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_ovno = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            
-            header.e_res = new ushort[4];
-            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-            {
-                header.e_res[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            }
-            
-            header.e_oemid = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.e_oeminfo = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            
-            header.e_res2 = new ushort[10];
-            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-            {
-                header.e_res2[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            }
-            
-            header.e_lfanew = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            
-            return header;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the File header
-        /// </summary>
-        private FileHeader ParseFileHeader(BinaryReader reader)
-        {
-            FileHeader header = new FileHeader();
-            
-            header.Machine = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.NumberOfSections = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.TimeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.PointerToSymbolTable = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.NumberOfSymbols = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfOptionalHeader = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            
-            return header;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the Optional header
-        /// </summary>
-        private OptionalHeader ParseOptionalHeader(BinaryReader reader)
-        {
-            OptionalHeader header = new OptionalHeader();
-            
-            // Standard fields
-            header.Magic = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            
-            // Determine if this is a PE32 or PE32+ file
-            Is64Bit = header.Magic == PE32PLUS_MAGIC;
-            
-            header.MajorLinkerVersion = reader.ReadByte();
-            header.MinorLinkerVersion = reader.ReadByte();
-            header.SizeOfCode = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfInitializedData = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfUninitializedData = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.AddressOfEntryPoint = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.BaseOfCode = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            
-            // PE32 has BaseOfData, PE32+ doesn't
-            if (!Is64Bit)
-            {
-                header.BaseOfData = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            }
-            
-            // Windows-specific fields
-            if (Is64Bit)
-            {
-                header.ImageBase = reader.ReadUInt64();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                header.ImageBase = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            }
-            
-            header.SectionAlignment = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.FileAlignment = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.MajorOperatingSystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.MinorOperatingSystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.MajorImageVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.MinorImageVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.MajorSubsystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.MinorSubsystemVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.Win32VersionValue = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfImage = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfHeaders = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.CheckSum = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.Subsystem = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.DllCharacteristics = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            
-            // Size fields differ between PE32 and PE32+
-            if (Is64Bit)
-            {
-                header.SizeOfStackReserve = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                header.SizeOfStackCommit = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                header.SizeOfHeapReserve = reader.ReadUInt64();
-                header.SizeOfHeapCommit = reader.ReadUInt64();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                header.SizeOfStackReserve = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                header.SizeOfStackCommit = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                header.SizeOfHeapReserve = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                header.SizeOfHeapCommit = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            }
-            
-            header.LoaderFlags = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            
-            // Data directories
-            int numDirectories = (int)Math.Min(header.NumberOfRvaAndSizes, 16); // Maximum of 16 directories
-            header.DataDirectories = new DataDirectory[numDirectories];
-            
-            for (int i = 0; i < numDirectories; i++)
-            {
-                DataDirectory dir = new DataDirectory();
-                dir.VirtualAddress = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                dir.Size = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                header.DataDirectories[i] = dir;
-            }
-            
-            return header;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses a section header
-        /// </summary>
-        private SectionHeader ParseSectionHeader(BinaryReader reader)
-        {
-            SectionHeader header = new SectionHeader();
-            
-            // Read section name (8 bytes)
-            byte[] nameBytes = reader.ReadBytes(8);
-            // Convert to string, removing any null characters
-            header.Name = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(nameBytes).TrimEnd('\0');
-            
-            header.VirtualSize = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.VirtualAddress = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.SizeOfRawData = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.PointerToRawData = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.PointerToRelocations = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.PointerToLinenumbers = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            header.NumberOfRelocations = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.NumberOfLinenumbers = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            header.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            
-            return header;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the Export Directory
-        /// </summary>
-        private ExportDirectory ParseExportDirectory(BinaryReader reader, uint rva)
-        {
-            ExportDirectory directory = new ExportDirectory();
-            
-            reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(rva), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            
-            directory.Characteristics = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.TimeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.MajorVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            directory.MinorVersion = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            directory.Name = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.Base = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.NumberOfFunctions = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.NumberOfNames = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.AddressOfFunctions = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.AddressOfNames = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            directory.AddressOfNameOrdinals = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            
-            // Read the DLL name
-            uint dllNameRVA = directory.Name;
-            reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(dllNameRVA), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            byte[] dllNameBytes = reader.ReadBytes(256);
-            directory.DllName = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(dllNameBytes).TrimEnd('\0');
-            
-            return directory;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the Import Descriptors
-        /// </summary>
-        private List<ImportDescriptor> ParseImportDescriptors(BinaryReader reader, uint rva)
-        {
-            List<ImportDescriptor> descriptors = new List<ImportDescriptor>();
-            
-            try
-            {
-                reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(rva), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                
-                while (true)
-                {
-                    ImportDescriptor descriptor = new ImportDescriptor();
-                    
-                    descriptor.OriginalFirstThunk = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    descriptor.TimeDateStamp = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    descriptor.ForwarderChain = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    descriptor.Name = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    descriptor.FirstThunk = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                    
-                    // Check if we've reached the end of the import descriptors
-                    if (descriptor.OriginalFirstThunk == 0 && descriptor.Name == 0 && descriptor.FirstThunk == 0)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    
-                    try
-                    {
-                        // Read the DLL name
-                        uint dllNameOffset = RvaToOffset(descriptor.Name);
-                        reader.BaseStream.Seek(dllNameOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                        
-                        List<byte> nameBytes = new List<byte>();
-                        byte b;
-                        while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
-                        {
-                            nameBytes.Add(b);
-                        }
-                        descriptor.DllName = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(nameBytes.ToArray());
-                        
-                        // Read the imported functions (use FirstThunk if OriginalFirstThunk is 0)
-                        uint thunkRVA = descriptor.OriginalFirstThunk != 0 ? descriptor.OriginalFirstThunk : descriptor.FirstThunk;
-                        
-                        if (thunkRVA != 0)
-                        {
-                            try
-                            {
-                                uint thunkOffset = RvaToOffset(thunkRVA);
-                                uint currentThunkOffset = thunkOffset;
-                                
-                                while (true)
-                                {
-                                    reader.BaseStream.Seek(currentThunkOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                                    uint thunk = reader.ReadUInt32();
-                                    
-                                    if (thunk == 0)
-                                    {
-                                        break;
-                                    }
-                                    
-                                    ImportedFunction function = new ImportedFunction();
-                                    function.ThunkRVA = thunkRVA + (currentThunkOffset - thunkOffset);
-                                    
-                                    // Check if the function is imported by ordinal
-                                    if ((thunk & 0x80000000) != 0)
-                                    {
-                                        function.IsOrdinal = true;
-                                        function.Ordinal = (ushort)(thunk & 0xFFFF);
-                                        function.Name = $"Ordinal_{function.Ordinal}";
-                                    }
-                                    else
-                                    {
-                                        // Read the function name and hint
-                                        try
-                                        {
-                                            uint nameOffset = RvaToOffset(thunk);
-                                            reader.BaseStream.Seek(nameOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                                            
-                                            function.Hint = reader.ReadUInt16();
-                                            
-                                            List<byte> funcNameBytes = new List<byte>();
-                                            byte c;
-                                            while ((c = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
-                                            {
-                                                funcNameBytes.Add(c);
-                                            }
-                                            function.Name = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(funcNameBytes.ToArray());
-                                        }
-                                        catch (Exception)
-                                        {
-                                            function.Name = $"Function_at_{thunk:X8}";
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                    
-                                    descriptor.Functions.Add(function);
-                                    
-                                    currentThunkOffset += 4; // Move to the next thunk
-                                }
-                            }
-                            catch (Exception)
-                            {
-                                // Skip this thunk table if there's an error
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    catch (Exception)
-                    {
-                        // If we can't read the DLL name, use a placeholder
-                        descriptor.DllName = $"DLL_at_{descriptor.Name:X8}";
-                    }
-                    
-                    descriptors.Add(descriptor);
-                }
-            }
-            catch (Exception)
-            {
-                // Return whatever descriptors we've managed to parse
-            }
-            
-            return descriptors;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the exported functions using the export directory information
-        /// </summary>
-        private void ParseExportedFunctions(BinaryReader reader)
-        {
-            if (ExportDirectory == null)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-            
-            // Read the array of function addresses (RVAs)
-            uint[] functionRVAs = new uint[ExportDirectory.NumberOfFunctions];
-            reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(ExportDirectory.AddressOfFunctions), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            for (int i = 0; i < ExportDirectory.NumberOfFunctions; i++)
-            {
-                functionRVAs[i] = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            }
-            
-            // Read the array of name RVAs
-            uint[] nameRVAs = new uint[ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames];
-            reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(ExportDirectory.AddressOfNames), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            for (int i = 0; i < ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames; i++)
-            {
-                nameRVAs[i] = reader.ReadUInt32();
-            }
-            
-            // Read the array of name ordinals
-            ushort[] nameOrdinals = new ushort[ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames];
-            reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(ExportDirectory.AddressOfNameOrdinals), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            for (int i = 0; i < ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames; i++)
-            {
-                nameOrdinals[i] = reader.ReadUInt16();
-            }
-            
-            // Create a dictionary to map ordinals to names
-            Dictionary<ushort, string> ordinalToName = new Dictionary<ushort, string>();
-            for (int i = 0; i < ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames; i++)
-            {
-                // Read the function name
-                reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(nameRVAs[i]), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                List<byte> nameBytes = new List<byte>();
-                byte b;
-                while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
-                {
-                    nameBytes.Add(b);
-                }
-                string name = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(nameBytes.ToArray());
-                
-                // Map the ordinal to the name
-                ordinalToName[nameOrdinals[i]] = name;
-            }
-            
-            // Create the exported functions
-            for (ushort i = 0; i < ExportDirectory.NumberOfFunctions; i++)
-            {
-                uint functionRVA = functionRVAs[i];
-                if (functionRVA == 0)
-                {
-                    continue; // Skip empty entries
-                }
-                
-                ExportedFunction function = new ExportedFunction();
-                function.Ordinal = (ushort)(i + ExportDirectory.Base);
-                function.Address = functionRVA;
-                
-                // Check if this function has a name
-                if (ordinalToName.TryGetValue(i, out string name))
-                {
-                    function.Name = name;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    function.Name = $"Ordinal_{function.Ordinal}";
-                }
-                
-                // Check if this is a forwarder
-                uint exportDirStart = OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress;
-                uint exportDirEnd = exportDirStart + OptionalHeader.DataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].Size;
-                
-                if (functionRVA >= exportDirStart && functionRVA < exportDirEnd)
-                {
-                    function.IsForwarder = true;
-                    
-                    // Read the forwarder string
-                    reader.BaseStream.Seek(RvaToOffset(functionRVA), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                    List<byte> forwarderBytes = new List<byte>();
-                    byte b;
-                    while ((b = reader.ReadByte()) != 0)
-                    {
-                        forwarderBytes.Add(b);
-                    }
-                    function.ForwarderName = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(forwarderBytes.ToArray());
-                }
-                
-                ExportedFunctions.Add(function);
-            }
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the raw data for a specific section
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="sectionIndex">Index of the section</param>
-        /// <returns>Byte array containing the section data</returns>
-        public byte[] GetSectionData(int sectionIndex)
-        {
-            if (sectionIndex < 0 || sectionIndex >= SectionHeaders.Count)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(sectionIndex));
-            }
-            
-            SectionHeader section = SectionHeaders[sectionIndex];
-            byte[] sectionData = new byte[section.SizeOfRawData];
-            
-            Array.Copy(_fileData, section.PointerToRawData, sectionData, 0, section.SizeOfRawData);
-            
-            return sectionData;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the raw data for a section by name
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="sectionName">Name of the section</param>
-        /// <returns>Byte array containing the section data</returns>
-        public byte[] GetSectionData(string sectionName)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < SectionHeaders.Count; i++)
-            {
-                if (SectionHeaders[i].Name == sectionName)
-                {
-                    return GetSectionData(i);
-                }
-            }
-            
-            throw new ArgumentException($"Section '{sectionName}' not found");
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if a section contains code
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="section">The section to check</param>
-        /// <returns>True if the section contains code, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool IsSectionContainsCode(SectionHeader section)
-        {
-            return (section.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE) != 0 ||
-                   (section.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) != 0;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets all code sections
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>List of section indices that contain code</returns>
-        public List<int> GetCodeSections()
-        {
-            List<int> codeSections = new List<int>();
-            
-            for (int i = 0; i < SectionHeaders.Count; i++)
-            {
-                if (IsSectionContainsCode(SectionHeaders[i]))
-                {
-                    codeSections.Add(i);
-                }
-            }
-            
-            return codeSections;
-        }
-        
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Converts a Relative Virtual Address (RVA) to a file offset
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="rva">The RVA to convert</param>
-        /// <returns>The corresponding file offset</returns>
-        public uint RvaToOffset(uint rva)
-        {
-            if (rva == 0)
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-            
-            foreach (var section in SectionHeaders)
-            {
-                // Check if the RVA is within this section
-                if (rva >= section.VirtualAddress && rva < section.VirtualAddress + section.VirtualSize)
-                {
-                    // Calculate the offset within the section
-                    uint offsetInSection = rva - section.VirtualAddress;
-                    
-                    // Make sure we don't exceed the raw data size
-                    if (offsetInSection < section.SizeOfRawData)
-                    {
-                        return section.PointerToRawData + offsetInSection;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            
-            // If the RVA is not within any section, it might be in the headers
-            if (rva < OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders)
-            {
-                return rva;
-            }
-            
-            throw new ArgumentException($"RVA {rva:X8} is not within any section");
-        }
-    }
-    
-    #region PE Format Structures
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// DOS Header structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class DOSHeader
-    {
-        public ushort e_magic;       // Magic number ("MZ")
-        public ushort e_cblp;        // Bytes on last page of file
-        public ushort e_cp;          // Pages in file
-        public ushort e_crlc;        // Relocations
-        public ushort e_cparhdr;     // Size of header in paragraphs
-        public ushort e_minalloc;    // Minimum extra paragraphs needed
-        public ushort e_maxalloc;    // Maximum extra paragraphs needed
-        public ushort e_ss;          // Initial (relative) SS value
-        public ushort e_sp;          // Initial SP value
-        public ushort e_csum;        // Checksum
-        public ushort e_ip;          // Initial IP value
-        public ushort e_cs;          // Initial (relative) CS value
-        public ushort e_lfarlc;      // File address of relocation table
-        public ushort e_ovno;        // Overlay number
-        public ushort[] e_res;       // Reserved words
-        public ushort e_oemid;       // OEM identifier
-        public ushort e_oeminfo;     // OEM information
-        public ushort[] e_res2;      // Reserved words
-        public uint e_lfanew;        // File address of new exe header
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// File Header structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class FileHeader
-    {
-        public ushort Machine;               // Target machine type
-        public ushort NumberOfSections;      // Number of sections
-        public uint TimeDateStamp;           // Time stamp
-        public uint PointerToSymbolTable;    // File offset of symbol table
-        public uint NumberOfSymbols;         // Number of symbols
-        public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader;  // Size of optional header
-        public ushort Characteristics;       // Characteristics
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Optional Header structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class OptionalHeader
-    {
-        // Standard fields
-        public ushort Magic;                 // Magic number (PE32 or PE32+)
-        public byte MajorLinkerVersion;      // Major linker version
-        public byte MinorLinkerVersion;      // Minor linker version
-        public uint SizeOfCode;              // Size of code section
-        public uint SizeOfInitializedData;   // Size of initialized data
-        public uint SizeOfUninitializedData; // Size of uninitialized data
-        public uint AddressOfEntryPoint;     // Entry point RVA
-        public uint BaseOfCode;              // Base of code section
-        public uint BaseOfData;              // Base of data section (PE32 only)
-        
-        // Windows-specific fields
-        public dynamic ImageBase;            // Preferred image base (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
-        public uint SectionAlignment;        // Section alignment
-        public uint FileAlignment;           // File alignment
-        public ushort MajorOperatingSystemVersion; // Major OS version
-        public ushort MinorOperatingSystemVersion; // Minor OS version
-        public ushort MajorImageVersion;     // Major image version
-        public ushort MinorImageVersion;     // Minor image version
-        public ushort MajorSubsystemVersion; // Major subsystem version
-        public ushort MinorSubsystemVersion; // Minor subsystem version
-        public uint Win32VersionValue;       // Win32 version value
-        public uint SizeOfImage;             // Size of image
-        public uint SizeOfHeaders;           // Size of headers
-        public uint CheckSum;                // Checksum
-        public ushort Subsystem;             // Subsystem
-        public ushort DllCharacteristics;    // DLL characteristics
-        public dynamic SizeOfStackReserve;   // Size of stack reserve (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
-        public dynamic SizeOfStackCommit;    // Size of stack commit (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
-        public dynamic SizeOfHeapReserve;    // Size of heap reserve (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
-        public dynamic SizeOfHeapCommit;     // Size of heap commit (uint for PE32, ulong for PE32+)
-        public uint LoaderFlags;             // Loader flags
-        public uint NumberOfRvaAndSizes;     // Number of data directories
-        
-        // Data directories
-        public DataDirectory[] DataDirectories; // Data directories
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Data Directory structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class DataDirectory
-    {
-        public uint VirtualAddress;  // RVA of the directory
-        public uint Size;            // Size of the directory
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Section Header structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class SectionHeader
-    {
-        public string Name;                  // Section name
-        public uint VirtualSize;             // Virtual size
-        public uint VirtualAddress;          // Virtual address (RVA)
-        public uint SizeOfRawData;           // Size of raw data
-        public uint PointerToRawData;        // File pointer to raw data
-        public uint PointerToRelocations;    // File pointer to relocations
-        public uint PointerToLinenumbers;    // File pointer to line numbers
-        public ushort NumberOfRelocations;   // Number of relocations
-        public ushort NumberOfLinenumbers;   // Number of line numbers
-        public uint Characteristics;         // Characteristics
-    }
-    
-    #endregion
-    
-    #region Export and Import Structures
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Export Directory structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ExportDirectory
-    {
-        public uint Characteristics;
-        public uint TimeDateStamp;
-        public ushort MajorVersion;
-        public ushort MinorVersion;
-        public uint Name;                  // RVA to the DLL name
-        public string DllName;             // Actual DLL name
-        public uint Base;                  // Ordinal base
-        public uint NumberOfFunctions;     // Number of exported functions
-        public uint NumberOfNames;         // Number of exported names
-        public uint AddressOfFunctions;    // RVA to function addresses
-        public uint AddressOfNames;        // RVA to function names
-        public uint AddressOfNameOrdinals; // RVA to ordinals
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Represents an exported function
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ExportedFunction
-    {
-        public string Name;        // Function name
-        public uint Address;       // Function RVA
-        public ushort Ordinal;     // Function ordinal
-        public bool IsForwarder;   // True if this is a forwarder
-        public string ForwarderName; // Name of the forwarded function (if IsForwarder is true)
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Import Descriptor structure
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ImportDescriptor
-    {
-        public uint OriginalFirstThunk;   // RVA to Import Lookup Table
-        public uint TimeDateStamp;
-        public uint ForwarderChain;
-        public uint Name;                 // RVA to the DLL name
-        public string DllName;           // Actual DLL name
-        public uint FirstThunk;           // RVA to Import Address Table
-        public List<ImportedFunction> Functions; // List of imported functions
-        
-        public ImportDescriptor()
-        {
-            Functions = new List<ImportedFunction>();
-        }
-    }
-    
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Represents an imported function
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ImportedFunction
-    {
-        public bool IsOrdinal;    // True if imported by ordinal
-        public ushort Ordinal;    // Ordinal value (if IsOrdinal is true)
-        public string Name;       // Function name (if IsOrdinal is false)
-        public ushort Hint;       // Hint value (if IsOrdinal is false)
-        public uint ThunkRVA;     // RVA in the Import Address Table
-    }
-    
-    #endregion
-}

X86Disassembler/Program.cs

@@ -1,153 +1,27 @@
-using System;
+using X86Disassembler.Analysers;
-using System.IO;
+using X86Disassembler.PE;
+using X86Disassembler.ProjectSystem;
 
-namespace X86Disassembler
+namespace X86Disassembler;
+
+public class Program
 {
-    internal class Program
+    private const string FilePath = @"C:\Program Files (x86)\Nikita\Iron Strategy\Terrain.dll";
+
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
     {
-        // Path to the DLL file to disassemble
+        byte[] fileBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(FilePath);
-        private const string DllPath = @"C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcrt.dll"; // Example path, replace with your target DLL
+        PeFile peFile = new PeFile(fileBytes);
-        
+        peFile.Parse();
-        static void Main(string[] args)
+
+        var projectPeFile = new ProjectPeFile()
         {
-            Console.WriteLine("X86 Disassembler and Decompiler");
+            ImageBase = new VirtualAddress(0, peFile.OptionalHeader.ImageBase),
-            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------");
+            Architecture = peFile.OptionalHeader.Is64Bit()
-            
+                ? "64-bit"
-            Console.WriteLine($"Loading file: {DllPath}");
+                : "32-bit",
-            
+            Name = Path.GetFileName(FilePath),
-            // Load the DLL file
+            EntryPointAddress = new FileAbsoluteAddress(peFile.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint, peFile.OptionalHeader.ImageBase)
-            byte[] binaryData = File.ReadAllBytes(DllPath);
+        };
-            
-            Console.WriteLine($"Successfully loaded {DllPath}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"File size: {binaryData.Length} bytes");
-            
-            // Parse the PE format
-            Console.WriteLine("\nParsing PE format...");
-            PEFormat peFile = new PEFormat(binaryData);
-            
-            // Display basic PE information
-            DisplayPEInfo(peFile);
-            
-            // Display exported functions
-            DisplayExportedFunctions(peFile);
-            
-            // Display imported functions
-            DisplayImportedFunctions(peFile);
-            
-            // Find code sections for disassembly
-            var codeSections = peFile.GetCodeSections();
-            Console.WriteLine($"\nFound {codeSections.Count} code section(s):");
-            
-            foreach (int sectionIndex in codeSections)
-            {
-                var section = peFile.SectionHeaders[sectionIndex];
-                Console.WriteLine($"  - {section.Name}: Size={section.SizeOfRawData} bytes, RVA=0x{section.VirtualAddress:X8}");
-                
-                // Get the section data for disassembly
-                byte[] sectionData = peFile.GetSectionData(sectionIndex);
-                
-                // TODO: Implement disassembling logic here
-                // This is where we would pass the section data to our disassembler
-            }
-            
-            Console.WriteLine("\nPress any key to exit...");
-            Console.ReadKey();
-        }
-        
-        private static void DisplayPEInfo(PEFormat peFile)
-        {
-            Console.WriteLine("\nPE File Information:");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Architecture: {(peFile.Is64Bit ? "64-bit" : "32-bit")}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Entry Point: 0x{peFile.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint:X8}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Image Base: 0x{peFile.OptionalHeader.ImageBase:X}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Number of Sections: {peFile.FileHeader.NumberOfSections}");
-            
-            // Display section information
-            Console.WriteLine("\nSections:");
-            for (int i = 0; i < peFile.SectionHeaders.Count; i++)
-            {
-                var section = peFile.SectionHeaders[i];
-                string flags = "";
-                
-                if ((section.Characteristics & 0x00000020) != 0) flags += "Code "; // IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE
-                if ((section.Characteristics & 0x20000000) != 0) flags += "Exec "; // IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE
-                if ((section.Characteristics & 0x40000000) != 0) flags += "Read "; // IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
-                if ((section.Characteristics & 0x80000000) != 0) flags += "Write"; // IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE
-                
-                Console.WriteLine($"  {i}: {section.Name,-8} VA=0x{section.VirtualAddress:X8} Size={section.SizeOfRawData,-8} [{flags}]");
-            }
-        }
-        
-        private static void DisplayExportedFunctions(PEFormat peFile)
-        {
-            if (peFile.ExportDirectory == null)
-            {
-                Console.WriteLine("\nNo exported functions found.");
-                return;
-            }
-            
-            Console.WriteLine("\nExported Functions:");
-            Console.WriteLine($"DLL Name: {peFile.ExportDirectory.DllName}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Number of Functions: {peFile.ExportDirectory.NumberOfFunctions}");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Number of Names: {peFile.ExportDirectory.NumberOfNames}");
-            
-            // Display the first 10 exported functions (if any)
-            int count = Math.Min(10, peFile.ExportedFunctions.Count);
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
-            {
-                var function = peFile.ExportedFunctions[i];
-                Console.WriteLine($"  {i}: {function.Name} (Ordinal={function.Ordinal}, RVA=0x{function.Address:X8})");
-            }
-            
-            if (peFile.ExportedFunctions.Count > 10)
-            {
-                Console.WriteLine($"  ... and {peFile.ExportedFunctions.Count - 10} more");
-            }
-        }
-        
-        private static void DisplayImportedFunctions(PEFormat peFile)
-        {
-            if (peFile.ImportDescriptors.Count == 0)
-            {
-                Console.WriteLine("\nNo imported functions found.");
-                return;
-            }
-            
-            Console.WriteLine("\nImported Functions:");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Number of Imported DLLs: {peFile.ImportDescriptors.Count}");
-            
-            // Display the first 5 imported DLLs and their functions
-            int dllCount = Math.Min(5, peFile.ImportDescriptors.Count);
-            for (int i = 0; i < dllCount; i++)
-            {
-                var descriptor = peFile.ImportDescriptors[i];
-                Console.WriteLine($"  DLL: {descriptor.DllName}");
-                
-                // Display the first 5 functions from this DLL
-                int funcCount = Math.Min(5, descriptor.Functions.Count);
-                for (int j = 0; j < funcCount; j++)
-                {
-                    var function = descriptor.Functions[j];
-                    if (function.IsOrdinal)
-                    {
-                        Console.WriteLine($"    {j}: Ordinal {function.Ordinal}");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Console.WriteLine($"    {j}: {function.Name} (Hint={function.Hint})");
-                    }
-                }
-                
-                if (descriptor.Functions.Count > 5)
-                {
-                    Console.WriteLine($"    ... and {descriptor.Functions.Count - 5} more");
-                }
-            }
-            
-            if (peFile.ImportDescriptors.Count > 5)
-            {
-                Console.WriteLine($"  ... and {peFile.ImportDescriptors.Count - 5} more DLLs");
-            }
-        }
     }
-}
+}

X86Disassembler/ProjectSystem/ProjectPeFile.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.ProjectSystem;
+
+public class ProjectPeFile
+{
+    public string Name { get; set; }
+
+    public string Architecture { get; set; }
+
+    public Address EntryPointAddress { get; set; }
+
+    public Address ImageBase { get; set; }
+}

X86Disassembler/ProjectSystem/ProjectPeFileSection.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using X86Disassembler.Analysers;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.ProjectSystem;
+
+public class ProjectPeFileSection
+{
+    public string Name { get; set; }
+
+    public Address VirtualAddress { get; set; }
+
+    public ulong Size { get; set; }
+
+    public SectionFlags Flags { get; set; }
+}

X86Disassembler/ProjectSystem/SectionFlags.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.ProjectSystem;
+
+[Flags]
+public enum SectionFlags
+{
+    None = 0,
+    Code = 1,
+    Exec = 2,
+    Read = 4,
+    Write = 8
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Constants.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+public class Constants
+{
+    // ModR/M byte masks
+    public const byte MOD_MASK = 0xC0; // 11000000b
+    public const byte REG_MASK = 0x38; // 00111000b
+    public const byte RM_MASK = 0x07; // 00000111b
+
+    // SIB byte masks
+    public const byte SIB_SCALE_MASK = 0xC0; // 11000000b
+    public const byte SIB_INDEX_MASK = 0x38; // 00111000b
+    public const byte SIB_BASE_MASK = 0x07; // 00000111b
+
+    // Register names for different sizes
+    public static readonly string[] RegisterNames16 = {"ax", "cx", "dx", "bx", "sp", "bp", "si", "di"};
+    public static readonly string[] RegisterNames32 = {"eax", "ecx", "edx", "ebx", "esp", "ebp", "esi", "edi"};
+
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Disassembler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Core x86 instruction disassembler
+/// </summary>
+public class Disassembler
+{
+    // The buffer containing the code to disassemble
+    private readonly byte[] _codeBuffer;
+
+    // The length of the buffer
+    private readonly int _length;
+
+    // The base address of the code
+    private readonly ulong _baseAddress;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the Disassembler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="codeBuffer">The buffer containing the code to disassemble</param>
+    /// <param name="baseAddress">The base address of the code</param>
+    public Disassembler(byte[] codeBuffer, ulong baseAddress)
+    {
+        _codeBuffer = codeBuffer;
+        _length = codeBuffer.Length;
+        _baseAddress = baseAddress;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Disassembles the code buffer sequentially and returns all disassembled instructions
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A list of disassembled instructions</returns>
+    public List<Instruction> Disassemble()
+    {
+        List<Instruction> instructions = new List<Instruction>();
+
+        // Create an instruction decoder
+        InstructionDecoder decoder = new InstructionDecoder(_codeBuffer, _length);
+
+        // Decode instructions until the end of the buffer is reached
+        while (true)
+        {
+            int position = decoder.GetPosition();
+
+            // Check if we've reached the end of the buffer
+            if (!decoder.CanReadByte())
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Store the position before decoding to handle prefixes properly
+            int startPosition = position;
+
+            // Decode the instruction
+            Instruction? instruction = decoder.DecodeInstruction();
+
+            if (instruction != null)
+            {
+                // Adjust the instruction address to include the base address
+                instruction.Address = _baseAddress + (uint)startPosition;
+
+                // Add the instruction to the list
+                instructions.Add(instruction);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If decoding failed, create a dummy instruction for the unknown byte
+                byte unknownByte = decoder.ReadByte();
+
+                Instruction dummyInstruction = new Instruction
+                {
+                    Address = _baseAddress + (uint)position,
+                    Type = InstructionType.Unknown,
+                    StructuredOperands = [OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(unknownByte, 8),]
+                };
+
+                instructions.Add(dummyInstruction);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return instructions;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/FpuRegisterIndex.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the index values for x87 floating-point unit registers.
+/// These values correspond to the encoding used in x87 FPU instructions
+/// for identifying the specific ST(i) register operands.
+/// </summary>
+public enum FpuRegisterIndex
+{
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(0)</summary>
+    ST0 = 0,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(1)</summary>
+    ST1 = 1,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(2)</summary>
+    ST2 = 2,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(3)</summary>
+    ST3 = 3,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(4)</summary>
+    ST4 = 4,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(5)</summary>
+    ST5 = 5,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(6)</summary>
+    ST6 = 6,
+    
+    /// <summary>FPU register ST(7)</summary>
+    ST7 = 7,
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcAccumulatorImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC AX/EAX, imm16/32 instruction (opcode 0x15)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcAccumulatorImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcAccumulatorImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcAccumulatorImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADC AX/EAX, imm16/32 is encoded as 0x15
+        return opcode == 0x15;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADC AX/EAX, imm16/32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Determine operand size based on prefix
+        int operandSize = Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix() ? 16 : 32;
+        
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (operandSize == 16 && !Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else if (operandSize == 32 && !Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Create the accumulator register operand (AX or EAX)
+        var accumulatorOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(RegisterIndex.A, operandSize);
+
+        // Read and create the immediate operand based on operand size
+        var immOperand = operandSize == 16 
+            ? OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(Decoder.ReadUInt16(), operandSize)
+            : OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(Decoder.ReadUInt32(), operandSize);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            accumulatorOperand,
+            immOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcAlImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC AL, imm8 instruction (0x14)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcAlImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcAlImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcAlImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x14;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC AL, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate byte
+        var imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the AL register operand
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(RegisterIndex8.AL);
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcImmToRm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m16, imm16 instruction (0x81 /2 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcImmToRm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcImmToRm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcImmToRm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADC r/m16, imm16 is encoded as 0x81 /2 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 2 (ADC)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return reg == 2 && Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADC r/m16, imm16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte, specifying that we're dealing with 16-bit operands
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        ushort imm16 = Decoder.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m16, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction (0x83 /2 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADC r/m16, imm8 (sign-extended) is encoded as 0x83 /2 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 2 (ADC)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return reg == 2 && Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADC r/m16, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // For ADC r/m16, imm8 (sign-extended) (0x83 /2 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value is the source operand (sign-extended from 8 to 16 bits)
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value (sign-extended from 8 to 16 bits)
+        short imm16 = (sbyte)Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand((ushort)imm16, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcImmToRm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m32, imm32 instruction (0x81 /2)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcImmToRm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcImmToRm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcImmToRm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 2 (ADC)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 2; // 2 = ADC
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r/m32, imm32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value in little-endian format
+        var imm32 = Decoder.ReadUInt32();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var immOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm32, 32);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            immOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction (0x83 /2)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 2 (ADC)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 2; // 2 = ADC
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value (sign-extended from 8 to 32 bits)
+        sbyte imm32 = (sbyte) Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand((uint)imm32)
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcImmToRm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m8, imm8 instruction (0x80 /2)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcImmToRm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcImmToRm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcImmToRm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x80)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 2 (ADC)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 2; // 2 = ADC
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r/m8, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADC r/m8, imm8 (0x80 /2):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value is the source operand
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcR16Rm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r16, r/m16 instruction (0x13 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcR16Rm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcR16Rm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcR16Rm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADC r16, r/m16 is encoded as 0x13 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x13)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADC r16, r/m16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For ADC r16, r/m16 (0x13 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Create the destination register operand with 16-bit size
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r32, r/m32 instruction (0x13)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x13 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x13 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADC r32, r/m32 (0x13):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcR8Rm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r8, r/m8 instruction (0x12)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcR8Rm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcR8Rm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcR8Rm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x12;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r8, r/m8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADC r8, r/m8 (0x12):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcRm16R16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m16, r16 instruction (0x11 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcRm16R16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcRm16R16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcRm16R16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADC r/m16, r16 is encoded as 0x11 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x11)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADC r/m16, r16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For ADC r/m16, r16 (0x11 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the source register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Create the source register operand with 16-bit size
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcRm32R32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m32, r32 instruction (0x11)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcRm32R32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcRm32R32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcRm32R32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x11 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x11 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r/m32, r32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADC r/m32, r32 (0x11):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the source register
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Adc/AdcRm8R8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Adc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADC r/m8, r8 instruction (0x10)
+/// </summary>
+public class AdcRm8R8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AdcRm8R8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AdcRm8R8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x10;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADC r/m8, r8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Adc;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADC r/m8, r8 (0x10):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the source register
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddAlImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD AL, imm8 instruction (opcode 04)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddAlImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddAlImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddAlImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD AL, imm8 is encoded as 04 ib
+        return opcode == 0x04;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD AL, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand (AL)
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(RegisterIndex8.AL);
+
+        // Create the source immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddAxImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD AX, imm16 instruction (0x05 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddAxImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddAxImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddAxImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD AX, imm16 is encoded as 0x05 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x05)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD AX, imm16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        ushort imm16 = Decoder.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Create the AX register operand
+        var axOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(RegisterIndex.A, 16);
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var immOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            axOperand,
+            immOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddEaxImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD EAX, imm32 instruction (0x05)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddEaxImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddEaxImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddEaxImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD EAX, imm32 is encoded as 0x05 without 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x05)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        return !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD EAX, imm32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the 32-bit immediate value
+        uint imm32 = Decoder.ReadUInt32();
+
+        instruction.StructuredOperands =
+        [
+            OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(RegisterIndex.A),
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm32)
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddImmToRm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m16, imm16 instruction (opcode 81 /0 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddImmToRm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddImmToRm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddImmToRm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r/m16, imm16 is encoded as 0x81 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        if (!Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix())
+            return false;
+            
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 0 (ADD)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 0; // 0 = ADD
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADD r/m16, imm16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        ushort imm16 = Decoder.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16)
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m16, imm8 instruction (opcode 83 /0 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r/m16, imm8 is encoded as 0x83 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        if (!Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix())
+            return false;
+            
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 0 (ADD)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 0; // 0 = ADD
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a ADD r/m16, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanRead(1))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value (sign-extended from 8-bit to 16-bit)
+        sbyte imm8 = (sbyte)Decoder.ReadByte();
+        short signExtendedImm = imm8;
+        uint immValue = (ushort)signExtendedImm; // Convert to uint for the operand factory
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(immValue)
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddImmToRm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m32, imm32 instruction (0x81 /0)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddImmToRm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddImmToRm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddImmToRm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 0 (ADD)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 0; // 0 = ADD
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m32, imm32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the mnemonic
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value in little-endian format
+        var imm = Decoder.ReadUInt32();
+
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = [
+            destOperand, 
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm)
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction (0x83 /0)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 0 (ADD)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 0; // 0 = ADD
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value as a signed byte and automatically sign-extend it to int
+        sbyte imm = (sbyte) Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = [
+            destOperand,
+            OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand((uint)imm), 
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddImmToRm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m8, imm8 instruction (0x80 /0)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddImmToRm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddImmToRm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddImmToRm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x80)
+            return false;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 0; // 0 = ADD
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m8, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type and mnemonic
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte, specifying that we're dealing with 8-bit operands
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 8-bit by the ReadModRM8 method
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddR16Rm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r16, r/m16 instruction (opcode 03 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddR16Rm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddR16Rm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddR16Rm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r16, r/m16 is encoded as 0x03 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x03)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r16, r/m16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For ADD r16, r/m16 (0x03 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Create the destination register operand with 16-bit size
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r32, r/m32 instruction (0x03)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x03 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x03 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADD r32, r/m32 (0x03):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        // The sourceOperand is already created by ModRMDecoder based on mod and rm fields
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand from the reg field
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands =
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddR8Rm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r8, r/m8 instruction (opcode 02)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddR8Rm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddR8Rm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddR8Rm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r8, r/m8 is encoded as 02 /r
+        return opcode == 0x02;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r8, r/m8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADD r8, r/m8 (02 /r):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand using the 8-bit register type
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddRm16R16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m16, r16 instruction (opcode 01 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddRm16R16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddRm16R16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddRm16R16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r/m16, r16 is encoded as 0x01 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x01)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m16, r16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For ADD r/m16, r16 (0x01 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the source register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 16-bit by the ReadModRM16 method
+
+        // Create the source register operand with 16-bit size
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddRm32R32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m32, r32 instruction (0x01)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddRm32R32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddRm32R32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddRm32R32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x01 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x01 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m32, r32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADD r/m32, r32 (0x01):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the source register
+        // The destinationOperand is already created by ModRMDecoder based on mod and rm fields
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the source register operand from the reg field
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands =
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Add/AddRm8R8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Add;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for ADD r/m8, r8 instruction (opcode 00)
+/// </summary>
+public class AddRm8R8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AddRm8R8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AddRm8R8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // ADD r/m8, r8 is encoded as 00 /r
+        return opcode == 0x00;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an ADD r/m8, r8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Add;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For ADD r/m8, r8 (00 /r):
+        // - The reg field specifies the source register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+        
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 8-bit by the ReadModRM8 method
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndAlImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND AL, imm8 instruction (0x24)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndAlImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndAlImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndAlImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x24;
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND AL, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Create the destination register operand (AL)
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(RegisterIndex8.AL);
+
+        // Read immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        // Read immediate value
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+        
+        // Create the source immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndAxImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND AX, imm16 instruction (0x25 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndAxImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndAxImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndAxImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND AX, imm16 is encoded as 0x25 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x25)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND AX, imm16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        ushort imm16 = Decoder.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Create the AX register operand
+        var axOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(RegisterIndex.A, 16);
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var immOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            axOperand,
+            immOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndEaxImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND EAX, imm32 instruction (0x25)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndEaxImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndEaxImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndEaxImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND EAX, imm32 is encoded as 0x25 without 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x25)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        return !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND EAX, imm32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Create the destination register operand (EAX)
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(RegisterIndex.A, 32);
+
+        // Read immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        // Read immediate value
+        uint imm32 = Decoder.ReadUInt32();
+        
+        // Create the source immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm32, 32);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndImmToRm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m16, imm16 instruction (0x81 /4 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndImmToRm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndImmToRm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndImmToRm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND r/m16, imm16 is encoded as 0x81 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        if (!Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 4 (AND)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+        return reg == 4; // 4 = AND
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m16, imm16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte to get the destination operand
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUShort())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        ushort imm16 = Decoder.ReadUInt16();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m16, imm8 instruction (0x83 /4 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndImmToRm16SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND r/m16, imm8 is encoded as 0x83 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        if (!Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 4 (AND)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+        return reg == 4; // 4 = AND
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m16, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte to get the destination operand
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+        
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value and sign-extend it to 16 bits
+        sbyte imm8 = (sbyte)Decoder.ReadByte();
+        short signExtendedImm = imm8;
+        ushort imm16 = (ushort)signExtendedImm;
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndImmToRm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m32, imm32 instruction (0x81 /4)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndImmToRm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndImmToRm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndImmToRm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x81)
+            return false;
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 4 (AND)
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+            return false;
+
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        return reg == 4; // 4 = AND
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m32, imm32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        var (_, _, _, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadUInt())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value in little-endian format
+        var imm = Decoder.ReadUInt32();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var immOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destOperand,
+            immOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction (0x83 /4)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndImmToRm32SignExtendedHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x83)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte to check the reg field (bits 5-3)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        // reg = 4 means AND operation
+        return reg == 4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For AND r/m32, imm8 (sign-extended) (0x83 /4):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value is the source operand (sign-extended from 8 to 32 bits)
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false; // Not enough bytes for the immediate value
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value as a signed byte and automatically sign-extend it to int
+        sbyte imm = (sbyte)Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the source immediate operand with the sign-extended value
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand((uint)imm);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndImmToRm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m8, imm8 instruction (0x80 /4)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndImmToRm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndImmToRm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndImmToRm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        if (opcode != 0x80)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte to check the reg field (bits 5-3)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.PeakModRMReg();
+
+        // reg = 4 means AND operation
+        return reg == 4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m8, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte, specifying that we're dealing with 8-bit operands
+        // For AND r/m8, imm8 (0x80 /4):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value is the source operand
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Note: The operand size is already set to 8-bit by the ReadModRM8 method
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false; // Not enough bytes for the immediate value
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate value
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the source immediate operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndMemRegHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m32, r32 instruction (0x21)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndMemRegHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndMemRegHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndMemRegHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x21 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x21 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m32, r32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For AND r/m32, r32 (0x21):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the source register
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the source register operand
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 32);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndR16Rm16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r16, r/m16 instruction (0x23 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndR16Rm16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndR16Rm16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndR16Rm16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND r16, r/m16 is encoded as 0x23 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x23)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r16, r/m16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For AND r16, r/m16 (0x23 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand with 16-bit size
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r32, r/m32 instruction (0x23)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // Only handle opcode 0x23 when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return opcode == 0x23 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For AND r32, r/m32 (0x23):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 32);
+        
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndR8Rm8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r8, r/m8 instruction (0x22)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndR8Rm8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndR8Rm8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndR8Rm8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x22;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r8, r/m8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte, specifying that we're dealing with 8-bit operands
+        var (mod, reg, rm, srcOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Create the destination register operand using the 8-bit register type
+        var destOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // For mod == 3, both operands are registers
+        if (mod == 3)
+        {
+            // Create a register operand for the r/m field using the 8-bit register type
+            var rmOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(rm);
+            
+            // Set the structured operands
+            instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+            [
+                destOperand,
+                rmOperand
+            ];
+        }
+        else // Memory operand
+        {
+            // Note: The operand size is already set to 8-bit by the ReadModRM8 method
+            
+            // Set the structured operands
+            instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+            [
+                destOperand,
+                srcOperand
+            ];
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndRm16R16Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+using X86Disassembler.X86.Operands;
+
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m16, r16 instruction (0x21 with 0x66 prefix)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndRm16R16Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndRm16R16Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndRm16R16Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder) 
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // AND r/m16, r16 is encoded as 0x21 with 0x66 prefix
+        if (opcode != 0x21)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is present
+        return Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m16, r16 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        // Check if we can read the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // For AND r/m16, r16 (0x21 with 0x66 prefix):
+        // - The reg field of the ModR/M byte specifies the source register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM16();
+
+        // Create the source register operand with 16-bit size
+        var sourceOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg, 16);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/And/AndRm8R8Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.And;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for AND r/m8, r8 instruction (0x20)
+/// </summary>
+public class AndRm8R8Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the AndRm8R8Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public AndRm8R8Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        return opcode == 0x20;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes an AND r/m8, r8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.And;
+
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte, specifying that we're dealing with 8-bit operands
+        var (mod, reg, rm, destOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM8();
+
+        // Create the source register operand using the 8-bit register type
+        var srcOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(reg);
+
+        // For mod == 3, both operands are registers
+        if (mod == 3)
+        {
+            // Create a register operand for the r/m field using the 8-bit register type
+            var rmOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand8(rm);
+            
+            // Set the structured operands
+            instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+            [
+                rmOperand,
+                srcOperand
+            ];
+        }
+        else // Memory operand
+        {
+            // Note: The operand size is already set to 8-bit by the ReadModRM8 method
+            
+            // Set the structured operands
+            instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+            [
+                destOperand,
+                srcOperand
+            ];
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BsfR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BSF r32, r/m32 instruction (0F BC)
+/// </summary>
+public class BsfR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BsfR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BsfR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BSF r32, r/m32 is a two-byte opcode: 0F BC
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the second byte is BC
+        var secondByte = Decoder.PeakByte();
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return secondByte == 0xBC && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BSF r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Bsf;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (BC)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BSF r32, r/m32 (0F BC):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BsrR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BSR r32, r/m32 instruction (0F BD)
+/// </summary>
+public class BsrR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BsrR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BsrR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BSR r32, r/m32 is a two-byte opcode: 0F BD
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the second byte is BD
+        var secondByte = Decoder.PeakByte();
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return secondByte == 0xBD && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BSR r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Bsr;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (BD)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BSR r32, r/m32 (0F BD):
+        // - The reg field specifies the destination register
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the source operand (register or memory)
+        var (_, reg, _, sourceOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var destinationOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            sourceOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BtR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BT r32, r/m32 instruction (0F A3)
+/// </summary>
+public class BtR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BtR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BtR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BT r32, r/m32 is a two-byte opcode: 0F A3
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the second byte is A3
+        var secondByte = Decoder.PeakByte();
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return secondByte == 0xA3 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BT r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Bt;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (A3)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BT r/m32, r32 (0F A3):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the bit index register
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var bitIndexOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            bitIndexOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BtRm32ImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BT r/m32, imm8 instruction (0F BA /4)
+/// </summary>
+public class BtRm32ImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BtRm32ImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BtRm32ImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BT r/m32, imm8 is encoded as 0F BA /4
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanRead(2))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var (secondByte, modRm) = Decoder.PeakTwoBytes();
+
+        // Check if the second byte is BA
+        if (secondByte != 0xBA)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 4 (BT)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.GetRegFromModRM(modRm);
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return reg == 4 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BT r/m32, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Bt;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (BA)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BT r/m32, imm8 (0F BA /4):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value specifies the bit index
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate byte for the bit position
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var bitIndexOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            bitIndexOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BtcR32Rm32Handler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BTC r32, r/m32 instruction (0F BB)
+/// </summary>
+public class BtcR32Rm32Handler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BtcR32Rm32Handler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BtcR32Rm32Handler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BTC r32, r/m32 is a two-byte opcode: 0F BB
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the second byte is BB
+        var secondByte = Decoder.PeakByte();
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return secondByte == 0xBB && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BTC r32, r/m32 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Btc;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (BB)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BTC r/m32, r32 (0F BB):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The reg field specifies the bit index register
+        var (_, reg, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Create the register operand for the reg field
+        var bitIndexOperand = OperandFactory.CreateRegisterOperand(reg);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            bitIndexOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

X86Disassembler/X86/Handlers/Bit/BtcRm32ImmHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+ namespace X86Disassembler.X86.Handlers.Bit;
+
+using Operands;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler for BTC r/m32, imm8 instruction (0F BA /7)
+/// </summary>
+public class BtcRm32ImmHandler : InstructionHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the BtcRm32ImmHandler class
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="decoder">The instruction decoder that owns this handler</param>
+    public BtcRm32ImmHandler(InstructionDecoder decoder)
+        : base(decoder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if this handler can decode the given opcode
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode to check</param>
+    /// <returns>True if this handler can decode the opcode</returns>
+    public override bool CanHandle(byte opcode)
+    {
+        // BTC r/m32, imm8 is encoded as 0F BA /7
+        if (opcode != 0x0F)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes to read the second opcode byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanRead(2))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var (secondByte, modRm) = Decoder.PeakTwoBytes();
+
+        // Check if the second byte is BA
+        if (secondByte != 0xBA)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the reg field of the ModR/M byte is 7 (BTC)
+        var reg = ModRMDecoder.GetRegFromModRM(modRm);
+        
+        // Only handle when the operand size prefix is NOT present
+        // This ensures 16-bit handlers get priority when the prefix is present
+        return reg == 7 && !Decoder.HasOperandSizePrefix();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes a BTC r/m32, imm8 instruction
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="opcode">The opcode of the instruction</param>
+    /// <param name="instruction">The instruction object to populate</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the instruction was successfully decoded</returns>
+    public override bool Decode(byte opcode, Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Set the instruction type
+        instruction.Type = InstructionType.Btc;
+        
+        // Read the second opcode byte (BA)
+        Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the ModR/M byte
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the ModR/M byte
+        // For BTC r/m32, imm8 (0F BA /7):
+        // - The r/m field with mod specifies the destination operand (register or memory)
+        // - The immediate value specifies the bit index
+        var (_, _, _, destinationOperand) = ModRMDecoder.ReadModRM();
+
+        // Check if we have enough bytes for the immediate value
+        if (!Decoder.CanReadByte())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read the immediate byte for the bit position
+        byte imm8 = Decoder.ReadByte();
+
+        // Create the immediate operand
+        var bitIndexOperand = OperandFactory.CreateImmediateOperand(imm8, 8);
+
+        // Set the structured operands
+        instruction.StructuredOperands = 
+        [
+            destinationOperand,
+            bitIndexOperand
+        ];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}